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Cross Section—B-B Figure 7.4: Model for Integrating Fish Farming REFERENCES [I] Acharya, C.N. (1961) Preparation of Fuel Gas and Manure by Anaerobic Fermentation of Organic Materials, New Delhi, Indian Agriculture Research Institute. [2] Alexander, M. (1967) Introduction to Soil Microbiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York. [3] Alviar, C.J. et al. (1980) Cow Manure Biogas Production and Utilization in an Integrated System at the Alabang Dairy Project, Paper presented at the 47 th Annual Convention of Philippines Veterinary Medical Association. [4] Manurial Value of Slurry (1978) in: Biogas Newsletter. Number I/Summer. [5] Biogas Newsletter (1987) Biodigester Effluent Boosts up Vegetable Production in Benin, Number 25, November 1987. [6] Chengdu- Seminar (1979) Biogas Technology and Utilization, Sichuan Provincial Office of Biogas Development. Page 12. |7| CMS (1996) Biogas Technology: A Training Manual for Extension, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Support for Development of National Biogas Programme (FAO/TCP/Nep/4451-T). [8] Demont, D., A. Sckeyde, and D A. Ulrich (1990) Possible Applications of Bioslurry for the Purposes of Fertilization. Biogas Forum, vol. 1 Special. [9] Dhussa, A.K. (1986) Night-soil Based BiogasPlants, Biogas from Human Waste. CORT: Delhi [10] Dhussa, A.K. (1985) Biogas Plant Effluent Handling and Utilization, Changing Villages Vol. 7, No. 1. [11] Gupta, D.R. (1991) Bio-Fertilizer from Biogas plants, Changing Villages, Vol. 10, No.l Jan-Mar., 1991. 63
[12] Gunnerson, C.G and D.V. Stuckey (1986) Integrated Resource Recovery Anaerobic Digestion. Principles and Practices for Biogas Systems, World Bank Technical Paper Number 49. [13] Gurung, J.B. (1997) Review of Literature on Effects of Slurry Use on Crop Production, Final Report. Biogas Support Programme. [14] HMG/AsDB/FINNIDA (1988), Kathmandu, Nepal. [15] Jiayu, M., L.Zhengfang and W. Quihua (1989) Studies on the Design and Construction of Fish Culture fed only with Digested Liquid Slurry. Rural-Eco-Environment, China, No.2, pp 12-17. [16] Karki, K.B. (2001) Response to Bio-slurry Application on Maize and Cabbage in Lalitpur District. Alternative Energy Promotion Centre. [17] Karki, K. B. (1997) Estimation of Plant Nutrient toss from Biogas Slurry, Biogas Support Programme. [18] Keyun, Deng and Choi Yunchu (1990) China Actively Promotes the Development of Biogas Technology, International Conference of Biogas: Technology and Implementation Strategies (Conference Report, Pune India: a Joint Initiative of FRG and Republic of India, Jan. 10 th lo 15 th , 1990). [19] Khandelwal, K.C. and S.S. Mahdi (1986) Biogas Technology: A practical Handbook, Vol. 1. New Delhi: Tata McGraw. [20] Kijne, E. (1984) Biogas in Asia, Ultrecht, Holland: CDP (Consultants for Management of Development). [21] Lakshmanan, A.R. and A. Jeyabal (1993) Use of Biogas Effluents as Seed Coating Media for Successful Crop Production, Biogas Slurry Utilization, New Delhi: CORT. [22] Mahadevaswami, M. and L.V. Venkataraman (1990) Integrated Utilization of Fruit Processing Waste for Biogas and Fish Production, Biol.Waste : 32: 2430251. [23] Maramba, Felix D. (1978) Biogas and Waste Recycling: The Philippine Experience, Manila: Maya Flour Division, Liberty Flower Mills. [24] Sathianathan, M.A. (1975) Biogas Achievements and Challenges, Association of Voluntary Agencies of Rural Development, New Delhi, India. [25] Schutz, H. (1990) Agriculture Biogas Plants and Use of Slurry as Fertilizer in the Federal Republic of Germany, International Conference on Biogas Technologies and Implementation Strategies Report. January 10-15, Pune, India. [26] Singh, J.B. (1990) Biogas Slurry Manure. In: Changing Villages. Vol. 9, No.3. [27] Singh, J.B. (1991) Biogas Slurry Manure. In: Changing Villages, Vol.10, No.l. [28] Singh, et al (1995) Effect of Biogas Digested Slurry on Pea, Okra, soybean and Maize. In: Biogas Forum, Vol. IV, No.63, 1995. [29] Singh, R.B. (1992) Integrated Farming with Magur Fish is Profitable to the Farmers. In: Indian Farming. [30] Shen, R.Z. (1985) The Utilization of Biogas Digester in China. In: Aerobic Digestion, Proceeding of the 4 th International Symposium on Anerobic Digestion. Ghogzou, China. [31] Tenscher, W. (1986) Digested Effluent as Fertilizer. Anaerobic Digestion. In: MIRCEN, Vol.3, No.2, PP 136. [32] Tong, W. (1995) Research on Feeding Pigs with Anaerobic Digested Effluent as Supplementation of Mixed Concentrate Rations. In: Biogas Forum, Vol. IV, No.63 pp8-15. [33] Tripathi, A.K. (1993) Biogas Slurry - A Boon for Agriculture Crops. Biogas Slurry Utilisation, New Delhi: CORT. [34] Van Brakel, I. (1980) The Ignis Fatuus of Biogas. Small Scale Anaerobic digesters (Biogas Plants): A Critical Review of the Pre-1970 Literature, Delft, The Netherlands. Delft University Press. [35] Xu, C. H., Chunru and D.C. Taylor 1992 Sustainable Agricultural Development in China, 20 (8):1127-1144, World Development Pergamon Press, G. Britain. 64
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BIOGAS As Renewable Source of Energ
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FOREWORD I have the pleasure to go
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EDITORS NOTE Since its inception fr
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IBS IEIA IOE INGO IQC IRR JBT KfW K
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TABLE CONTENTS FOREWORD EDITOR'S NO
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13.5 Long-term Government Policy 11
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Table 1.2
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Figure 5.6 Figure 5.7 Figure 5.8 Fi
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CHAPTER I CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS
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Figure 1.1 clearly indicates that t
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CHAPTER II DESIGN CONCEPT AND RELAT
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Chinese model fixed dome biogas pla
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2.2.4 Other Designs Figure 2.4: Dee
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Anaerobic Filter: The anaerobic fil
Page 30 and 31: ■ Suitable foundation condition -
Page 32 and 33: Solution: From Table 2.2: 1 cow yie
Page 34 and 35: 2.6.2 Volume Calculations for Chine
Page 36 and 37: The resultant force is as follows:
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER III MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN
Page 40 and 41: substances are solubilized into sim
Page 42 and 43: 3.4 FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL ACT
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER IV VARIOUS USES OF BIOGAS A
Page 46 and 47: Figure 4.5: Sketch of Ujeli Biogas
Page 48 and 49: The volume of water form the 5 HP p
Page 50 and 51: . Availability of Fertilizer Cattle
Page 52 and 53: d. Needs Match Sticks More matchsti
Page 54 and 55: In which Q = rate of heat loss, (en
Page 56 and 57: . Integration of Solar Energy Integ
Page 58 and 59: 5.4.1 Biogas Reactor at Lukla/Mosi
Page 60 and 61: Figure 5.8: The Flat View of the Pi
Page 62 and 63: CHAPTER VI BIOGAS IN RELATION TO OT
Page 64 and 65: Table 6.1: Impact of Biogas on vari
Page 66 and 67: Chinese experience shows that if th
Page 68 and 69: 7.2 NITROGEN CYCLE Bio-slurry is ri
Page 70 and 71: 7.4.2 Nutrient Content of Bio-slurr
Page 72 and 73: To avoid the loss of ammonia (NH 4
Page 74 and 75: Experiment with Bio-slurry on Maize
Page 76 and 77: stated that cucumber yielded double
Page 78 and 79: 7.8.5 Philippines In the Philippine
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER VIII BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM
Page 84 and 85: ■ ■ ■ Excreta available /day
Page 86 and 87: It is to be noted that the settling
Page 88 and 89: 8.43 Operation of Biodigester After
Page 90 and 91: 9.1.2 Raw Materials Utilized for Fe
Page 92 and 93: help design large anaerobic digeste
Page 94 and 95: Inlet and outlet of the biodigester
Page 96 and 97: CHAPTER X IMPLICATIONS OF BIOGAS ON
Page 98 and 99: 10.43 Substitution of Agricultural
Page 100 and 101: 10.8 CARBON EMISSION SAVED FROM THE
Page 102 and 103: industrial, military or other organ
Page 104 and 105: apidly. The techniques that have fo
Page 106 and 107: 11.2.7 Contingency Approach The ess
Page 108 and 109: have to deal not only with one leve
Page 110 and 111: REFERENCES [1] CES/IOE (2001) Role
Page 112 and 113: . Internal rates of return (IRRS) a
Page 114 and 115: Other assumptions made while calcul
Page 116 and 117: Table 12.1: Summary of Financial Ra
Page 118 and 119: Table 12.4: Summary of Financial Ra
Page 120 and 121: Table 12.7: Financial Rates of Retu
Page 122 and 123: IRRs are higher when increased nutr
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER XIII BIOGAS POTENTIAL AND F
Page 126 and 127: would be available since the number
Page 128 and 129: 13.2 FUTURE PERSPECTIVE IN NEPAL 13
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13.3.1 Institutional Strengthening
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■ ■ Reducing dependency on impo
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CHAPTER XIV ROLE OF VARIOUS ACTORS
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■ ■ ■ To construct 13,000 bio
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utilization of bio-slurry as fertil
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and NBPG. Sometimes a company may b
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CHAPTERXVI IMPACT OF BIOGAS ON USER
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of dung, On the other hand, 33 perc
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CHAPTER XVII IMPACT OF BIOGAS ON HE
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Figure 17.1: Perceived Reduction in
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27 percent of households with bioga
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Majority of biogas households (95.5
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Table 18,1: Sampling of Biogas Hous
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as the probable reasons for non-ope
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Table 18.7 shows that majority of t
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variations. Assuming that 1 hour of
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Status Table 18.15: Comparison of t
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contributes to the saving of Rs. 6.
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Table 18.22: Kerosene Replacement a
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The survey results on Carbon emissi
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CHAPTER XIX WORKLOAD OF WOMEN AND G
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Looking into the division of activi
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19.3 STUDIES OF BIOGAS USERS WITH F
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co-operative manner so that the wea
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Biogas user women perceived that bi
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20.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER XX FINANC
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portion of the construction cost of
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CHAPTER XXI CONSTRAINTS AND PROBLEM
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21.6.4 Mosquito Breeding after Biog
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(FAOm:P/Nep/4451-T). [33] CMS (1996
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