Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991) - JNCC

Threats The clearance of valley woods for intensive
forestry or agriculture and the degrading of streams and
rivers within woodland, through excessive trampling of
banks, river improvement schemes, ditching and adjacent
afforestation.
Management and conservation Maintain the banks of
woodland water courses in a natural and undisturbed state,
retaining shaded and unvegetated state of gravel banks.
Published sources Collin (1938); Drake (1996, 2002);
Godfrey (1999); Howe & Howe (2001); Kidd & Brindle
(1959); Richards (1939); Smith (1969).
LONCHOPTERA SCUTELLATA
LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce)
Order DIPTERA
Family Lonchopteridae
Lonchoptera scutellata Stein, 1890
Identification Keyed by Smith (1969).
Distribution Records widely dispersed in England
(Somerset, Wiltshire, Hampshire, East and West Sussex,
East Kent, Surrey, Hertfordshire, Middlesex, Berkshire,
Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire,
Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Warwickshire, Cheshire,
Yorkshire), although predominating in southern England
and East Anglia. A record for Northumberland is
understood to be erroneous (Martin Drake pers. comm.).
There are Welsh records for only three sites: Magor Marsh
SSSI, Monmouthshire (1989); Colwyn Brook, Radnorshire
(1989); The Ritec, Pembrokeshire (1987).
Habitat Associated with sedges (mainly Carex riparia and
C. acutifolius) at water margins, in fens and in damp woods;
also found in tussocks of Carex paniculata during the
winter months.
Ecology Larval biology unknown, possibly developing in
leaf litter or decaying vegetable matter in the above
situations. Adults recorded from February to November.
Status Widespread but very localised with at least 46 post
1960 sites known. Drake (2002) provided a distribution
map. Status revised from RDB 3 (Shirt 1987).
Threats The drainage of wetlands for agriculture or
afforestation, and mismanagement of water levels with a
consequent loss of marginal or emergent vegetation; river or
canal improvement schemes, ditching of streams and
excessive trampling of banks; pollution such as agricultural
runoff.
Management and conservation Maintain a high stable
water level and encourage a diversity of vegetation types
including sedge beds and tussocks at water margins.
Published sources Clemons (1996); Collin (1938); Drake
(2002, 2004); Gibbs (1987, 2002); Godfrey (1988); Lott et
al. (2002); Skidmore (1985); Smith (1969).
CEPHALOPS CARINATUS
A big-headed fly LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce)
Order DIPTERA
Family PIPUNCULIDAE
Cephalops carinatus (Verrall, 1901)
Identification Keyed by Coe (1966) and De Meyer (1989).
Distribution Records scattered widely in England and
several Scottish records also known: Savernake Forest,
Wiltshire (1990); Crowborough, Sussex (1919); Tunbridge
Wells (1920), Beckenham (1965) and Knole Park (1966),
Kent; Felden, Hertfordshire (1893); Woodditton Wood,
Cambridgeshire (1922); Shobdon Marsh (1904) and Stoke
Wood (1972), Herefordshire; Wyre Forest, Worcestershire
(1892); Hazelhurst Farm Moss, Derbyshire (1993);
Wharncliffe Wood (1976), Tinsley Park (1980), Tinsley
Sewage Works (1987) and Loxley Common (1993),
Yorkshire; Bridge of Allen, Stirlingshire (numerous in
1978); Perth, Perthshire (1892); Inverdruie, Easterness.
Habitat Probably broad-leaved woodland in association
with rides and woodland edges.
Ecology Biology unknown. The larvae of Pipunculidae are
internal parasitoids of leaf hoppers (Auchenorrhyncha); the
genus Cephalops has only been reared from hoppers of the
family Delphacidae. Adults recorded from July to
September
Status Of eighteen known British sites, nine or ten are post
1960 but only records from Yorkshire, Derbyshire and
Wiltshire are post 1980. Probably under-recorded but the
absence of recent records from much of its range suggests
that there may have been a decline. Not listed in Shirt
(1987).
Threats Clearance of woodland for agriculture or intensive
forestry. Shading out of rides and clearings within woods.
Management and conservation Maintain open rides and
clearings in woods to provide a varied vegetation for
potential hosts.
Published sources Chandler (1969); Coe (1966); Verrall
(1901).
CEPHALOPS CHLORIONAE
A big-headed fly LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce)
Order DIPTERA
Family PIPUNCULIDAE
Cephalops chlorionae (Frey, 1945)
Identification First recognised in The Piercer (Stubbs
1992); keyed by Ackland (1993), who formally added it to
the British list, and by De Meyer (1989).
Distribution Scattered records in southern England: Pinhay
Warren, Devon (2003); River Avon, Bristol, Somerset
(2003); Boscombe, Dorset (1989); Blackgang Chine (1980)
and Whale Chine (1990), Isle of Wight; Benfleet (1971) and
Epping Forest (1998), Essex; Minsmere (2001) and
Walberswick (2003), Suffolk; Old Buckenham Fen, Norfolk
(1993); Chippenham Fen NNR (1989, 1990, 1991, 2003)
and Wicken Fen NNR (1991, 1992), Cambridgeshire.
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