Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991) - JNCC

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EUDORYLAS FUSCULUS A big-headed fly Order DIPTERA Eudorylas fusculus (Zetterstedt, 1844) DATA DEFICIENT Family PIPUNCULIDAE Identification The characters were briefly indicated in The Piercer (Stubbs 1992a); keyed by von der Dunk (1997) and Ackland (2002). Distribution Known from five sites in southern England: Matley Bog, New Forest, Hampshire (9 July 1990, D.M. Ackland); Battersea Park (7 September 2001, R.A. Jones), Kew Gardens (15 August 2001, D.W. Baldock) and Horsell Common (30 July 1999, P.J. Chandler), Surrey; King’s Forest, Suffolk (6 and 13 August 1994, I. Perry; 13 July 2003, P.J. Chandler). Habitat Unclear; the New Forest site is an area of wet acid heath and Horsell Common is a wooded heathland, while the Suffolk site was on chalk grassland. Ecology Biology unknown; members of the genus Eudorylas are parasitoids of leaf hoppers of the family Cicadellidae as larvae. Status Unclear; only recently recognised in Britain and not yet formally added to the British list although included in the checklist (Chandler 1998b). Currently there is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction. Not listed in Shirt (1987) or Falk (1991). Threats Unclear other than loss of habitat to agriculture or commercial forestry, and changes in grazing regimes. Management and conservation Maintain sites in open condition with a mosaic of vegetation types; avoid over grazing or scrub encroachment due to cessation of grazing. Published sources Stubbs (1992a). EUDORYLAS KOWARZI A big-headed fly LOWER RISK (Near Threatened) Order DIPTERA Family PIPUNCULIDAE Eudorylas kowarzi (Becker, 1898) Identification Keyed by Coe (1966), both as E. kowarzi and as E. dissimilis Coe, 1966; E. kowarzi was keyed by von der Dunk (1997) and Ackland (2002); E. dissimilis was placed in synonymy with E. kowarzi by Kehlmaier (2005). Distribution Only six sites known: Blean Woods NNR, Kent (2 July 1965, L. Parmenter); Bricket Wood, Hertfordshire (22 June 1947, L. Parmenter and C.N. Colyer); Stanmore Common, Middlesex (14 June 1979, A.E. Stubbs); Ipswich, Suffolk (1899); Wicken Fen NNR, Cambridgeshire (1 July 1979, I. Perry); Waverley Wood, Warwickshire (10 June 1953, H. Britten). Cicadellidae as larvae. Adults recorded in June and early July. Status A poorly known species, of which one male had been described as a new species E. dissimilis by Coe (1966), who only identified females as E. kowarzi; the male has now also been found at Wicken Fen NNR. Not listed in Shirt (1987) and status revised from Notable in Falk (1991); the synonym E. dissimilis was given RDB 1 status in Shirt (1987) and Falk (1991). Threats The shading out of rides and clearings in woods. Overgrazing or non-rotational cutting of wetland areas. Possibly discontinuity in coppicing that has occurred for a period at Blean Woods NNR. Management and conservation Maintain open rides and clearings in woodland; in fens maintain high stable water level and ensure that any cutting is carried out on rotation. Published sources Coe (1966); Perry & Langton (2000). EUDORYLAS RESTRICTUS A big-headed fly Order DIPTERA Eudorylas restrictus Coe, 1966 DATA DEFICIENT Family PIPUNCULIDAE Identification Keyed by Coe (1966), von der Dunk (1997) and Ackland (2002). Distribution Only two old sites known for this species: Cowborough Park, Herefordshire (the type series of five males found on 29 July 1901, J.H. Wood); Bewdley, Worcestershire (30 August 1892). Habitat Associations are unknown. Ecology Biology unknown; members of the genus Eudorylas are parasitoids of leaf hoppers of the family Cicadellidae as larvae. Adults recorded in July and August. Status A poorly known species with no recent information. This species may still persist undetected in view of the relatively low levels of recording of pipunculids. Currently there is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction. Status revised from RDB 1 in Shirt (1987) and Falk (1991). Threats Unclear other than habitat loss to agriculture or intensive forestry. Management and conservation Uncertain, other than maintenance of a mosaic of vegetation types. Published sources Coe (1966). Habitat Associations are unknown; probably woodland rides and edges; the Wicken Fen example was swept from sedge fen. Ecology Biology unknown; members of the genus Eudorylas are parasitoids of leaf hoppers of the family 146
EUDORYLAS TERMINALIS A big-headed fly LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce) Order DIPTERA Family PIPUNCULIDAE Eudorylas terminalis (Thomson, 1869) Identification Keyed by Coe (1966), von der Dunk (1997) and Ackland (2002). The name had been used by Verrall (1901) for the species now known as Eudorylas subterminalis Collin. Distribution Mainly a Scottish species, with most records applying to sites along the Spey Valley in Elgin and Easterness; there are also records from Perthshire, Argyllshire, East Ross and East Sutherland. Confirmed English records exist for the following sites: Matley Bog and Linwood, New Forest, Hampshire (1970); Cuckoo Wood, Downe, Kent (1995); King’s Forest, Suffolk (1989, 1990) and Dersingham Bog NNR, Norfolk (1975). Records for Staffordshire (Emley 1992) and Wiltshire cannot be confirmed and are not accepted here. That for Durham (Wingate 1902) would have related to the terminalis of Verrall (1901). Habitat Most records relate to areas with mature Pinus or Betula, short grass and Calluna as found in the Caledonian pine forests of Scotland. The Norfolk site has a boggy valley with Sphagnum, Calluna and Molinia communities within an area of heath and Betula woods so resembles a Highland site; similar conditions exist at the Hampshire site. At King’s Forest it was found on Quercus foliage. Ecology Biology unknown; members of the genus Eudorylas are parasitoids of leaf hoppers of the family Cicadellidae as larvae. Adults recorded in June and July. Status Fourteen known post 1960 sites and probably underrecorded in Scotland, where it is evidently widely distributed in the Highlands. The Dersingham site was damaged by a road scheme. Status revised from RDB 2 (Shirt 1987 and Falk 1991). Threats Clearance and drainage of its habitats for agriculture or intensive forestry; also overgrazing or scrub invasion or other vegetation changes due to inappropriate management. Management and conservation Maintain a varied ground flora and avoid changes in vegetation due to increases or reduction in grazing levels. Published sources Coe (1966); Irwin (1983a); McLean (1981). EUDORYLAS UNICOLOR A big-headed fly LOWER RISK (Near Threatened) Order DIPTERA Family PIPUNCULIDAE Eudorylas unicolor (Zetterstedt, 1844) Identification Keyed by Coe (1966), von der Dunk (1997) and Ackland (2002). Distribution A few records but scattered widely in England: New Forest (1904), Linford Brook Valley (1953) and Linwood (1963), Hampshire; Crowborough, Sussex (1933); Tunbridge Wells, Kent (1926); Staffhurst Wood, Surrey (1972); Little Paxton Pits, Huntingdonshire (1993); The Doward, Herefordshire (1912) and Allerthorpe, Yorkshire (pre 1966). Old published records for Somerset and Nottinghamshire have not been confirmed. Habitat Probably woodland rides and edges. Ecology Biology unknown; members of the genus Eudorylas are parasitoids of leaf hoppers of the family Cicadellidae as larvae. Adults recorded from May to July. Status There are three post 1960 records only, so a decline seems to have occurred, but it may be otherwise undetected because of the relatively low levels of recording of pipunculids. Not included in Shirt (1987); status revised from Notable (Falk 1991). Threats Habitat loss to agriculture or intensive forestry; shading out of rides and clearings with consequent loss of floristic diversity. Management and conservation Maintain a range of vegetation types, including open rides and clearings in woods. Published sources Chandler (1969); Coe (1966). EUDORYLAS ZERMATTENSIS A big-headed fly LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce) Order DIPTERA Family PIPUNCULIDAE Eudorylas zermattensis (Becker, 1898) Identification Keyed by Coe (1966), von der Dunk (1997) and Ackland (2002). Distribution Scattered records in southern Britain: Penhale Sands, Cornwall (2002); Braunton Burrows NNR (1959, 1989) and Charlton Bay (2003), Devon; Berrow (1950) and Bath (2001), Somerset; Dry Sandford Pit, Berkshire (1980); Freckenham (1903), Worlington (1934) and King’s Forest (1994), Suffolk; Six Mile Bottom (1903), Devil’s Ditch, Cambridgeshire (1989); Cow Lane Pit, Godmanchester, Huntingdonshire (1997); Gedling Colliery, Nottinghamshire (2004); Oxwich NNR (1972, 1994), Kenfig NNR (1990) and Port Eynon (1994), Glamorgan. Habitat Grassland on coastal sand dunes and the East Anglian Brecklands. The Berkshire site is an area of short grass with sandy and limestone banks, while Devil’s Ditch is chalk grassland. It is known from very dry open sites elsewhere in Europe. Ecology Biology unknown; members of the genus Eudorylas are parasitoids of leaf hoppers of the family Cicadellidae as larvae. Adults recorded from June to September. Status Only sixteen known British sites of which twelve are post 1960 records as indicated above; it is probably more widespread in the habitat types described but undetected elsewhere by the present levels of pipunculid recording. Not listed in Shirt (1987). Threats Habitat loss to agriculture, afforestation, coastal recreation pressure and development; changes in vegetation due to changes in grazing levels on sites where this is a factor. 147
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Species Status No. 2 A review of th
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Clastobasis alternans (Winnertz) se
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1. Introduction The first account o
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NNR), which are now in Oxfordshire,
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species must, therefore, be extrapo
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e more objectively and consistently
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Species have been assigned to a thr
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5.3. The IUCN criteria for Critical
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2. A continuing decline, observed,
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Wiltshire, Buckingham Thick Copse i
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Anatella dampfi Landrock. This was
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Exechiopsis dumitrescae Burghele-Ba
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Rymosia signatipes (van der Wulp).
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Suffolk). These records show that L
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said overall is that these 22 are t
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not considered likely to merit cons
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Chalarus argenteus Coe. Berkshire (
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7. Taxonomic list of species previo
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Scientific name Shirt 1987 Falk 199
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10. Species listed by status catego
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Anatella pseudogibba Plassmann Bole
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Macrocera maculata Meigen Macrocera
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Platypezidae Lonchopteridae Pipuncu
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Page 55 and 56:
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12. Criteria used for assigning spe
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ecently recognised in Britain and i
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Distribution Records widely dispers
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Retain any dead wood and old or dis
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Management and conservation Retain
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Cambridgeshire; Thorne Moors NNR, Y
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Habitat Appears to mainly favour Pi
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ALLODIA WESTERHOLTI A fungus gnat D
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Habitat Woodland and dunes. As well
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BOLETINA SILVATICA A fungus gnat Or
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Fen, Taynton Fen, Weston Green) (19
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Distribution Scattered across south
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Skye, North Ebudes (1991); Braelang
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Published sources Chandler (1998b,
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or damage to leaf litter or soil st
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Habitat Montane tundra. The species
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(1982), Dulsie (1989), Glen Affric,
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Management and conservation Maintai
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Published sources Chandler (1977a).
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Status Until recently a poorly know
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Threats Clearance of woodland for i
Page 100 and 101: MYCOMYA OCCULTANS A fungus gnat LOW
Page 102 and 103: (Edwards 1941; Hutson, Ackland & Ki
Page 104 and 105: that there is a succession of trees
Page 106 and 107: wood. Adults recorded from June to
Page 108 and 109: Status First recognised as British
Page 110 and 111: Scotland. Currently there is inadeq
Page 112 and 113: Ecology Biology unknown. The larvae
Page 114 and 115: Management and conservation Maintai
Page 116 and 117: SCIOPHILA ANTIQUA A fungus gnat LOW
Page 118 and 119: Quoich, Mar Lodge Estate, Braemar,
Page 120 and 121: Published sources Chandler (1992b,
Page 122 and 123: TARNANIA TARNANII A fungus gnat LOW
Page 124 and 125: TRICHONTA ICENICA A fungus gnat LOW
Page 126 and 127: Encourage future survival of sites
Page 128 and 129: Ecology The larvae are aquatic filt
Page 130 and 131: temporary water bodies are known to
Page 132 and 133: or falling in strong winds. Some of
Page 134 and 135: throughout Britain, tending to conf
Page 136 and 137: Wood, Herefordshire (1912); Porthca
Page 138 and 139: to September 1914, H.St J.K. Donist
Page 140 and 141: Status A poorly known species, whic
Page 142 and 143: TRIPHLEBA FLEXIPALPIS A scuttle fly
Page 144 and 145: Threats The clearance of valley woo
Page 146 and 147: CEPHALOSPHAERA GERMANICA A big-head
Page 148 and 149: DORYLOMORPHA ALBITARSIS A big-heade
Page 152 and 153: Management and conservation Maintai
Page 154 and 155: Threats Habitat loss to agriculture
Page 156 and 157: Bowdrey, J. 2003. The flat-footed f
Page 158 and 159: Chandler, P.J. 1990. Notes on Macro
Page 160 and 161: Clemons, L. 1994b. Lonchoptera niti
Page 162 and 163: Disney, R.H.L. & Chapman, J.W. 2001
Page 164 and 165: Falk, S.J. & Gibbs, D. 2004. Dorylo
Page 166 and 167: Holmes, P.R., Boyce, D.C. & Reed, D
Page 168 and 169: Kloet, G.S. & Hincks, W.D. 1976. A
Page 170 and 171: Morgan, M.J. 1987. Reappearance of
Page 172 and 173: Ševčík, J. 2001b. A new species
Page 174 and 175: Verrall, G.H. 1901b. List of Britis
Page 176 and 177: 172
Page 178 and 179: Auchenbowie, 91 Auchmore Woods, 116
Page 180 and 181: Cawthorne, 58, 71 Cefn Cennarth, 57
Page 182 and 183: Dowlings Wood, 21, 60 Downderry, 11
Page 184 and 185: Gunnerside, 107, 118 Gwaun Gartheno
Page 186 and 187: Llyn Fawnog, 65 Llyn Hafodol, 69, 8
Page 188 and 189: nonnisilva, Sciophila, 23, 34, 49 N
Page 190 and 191: River Luineag, 99 River Monnow, 139
Page 192 and 193: Thaumalea, 25, 42, 50, 128 The Coom
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Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991) - JNCC

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