Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991) - JNCC

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BOLETINA SILVATICA A fungus gnat Order DIPTERA Boletina silvatica Dziedzicki, 1885 DATA DEFICIENT Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Identification Keyed by Hutson, Ackland & Kidd (1980). Distribution A single old record for Symonds Yat in the Wye Valley, Gloucestershire (September 1936, F.W. Edwards) but recently rediscovered at one site in Devon (Aylesbeare Common, 25 October 2002, C.W. Plant) and at three sites in Scotland: Kilvrecht, Rannoch, Perthshire (31 August 1987, P.J. Chandler); Morrone Birkwood NNR, Aberdeenshire (31 May 1998, I. Perry and P.J. Chandler); Black Rock gorge, East Ross (23 July 1997, P.J. Chandler). Habitat Probably damp woodland. Ecology Biology unknown. A common species of this genus is known to develop in liverworts. Status Very poorly known and probably rare. The Gloucestershire site remains although it comes under some pressure from tourism, and other woods along the Wye Valley could eventually yield further records. Currently there is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction. Listed as RDB 1 in Shirt (1987) and Falk (1991) as Coelosia silvatica. Threats Clearance of woodland for intensive forestry or agriculture. Drainage of marshy areas or ditching of streams within woodland. Management and conservation Maintain continuity of woodland sites, with all successional stages including dead wood, especially in damp shaded situations. Avoid disturbance to seepages and woodland streams. Published sources Chandler (1987b); Edwards (1941). BOLETINA VILLOSA A fungus gnat LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce) Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Boletina villosa Landrock, 1912 Identification Keyed by Hutson, Ackland & Kidd (1980). Distribution A mainly Scottish species, with records scattered generally in the Highlands, but there are recent records for Wales and the Lake District: Nibthwait Wood, Westmorland (1991); Llyn-tyn-y-Mynydd and Llanbrinmair Moor (1988) and Drum ddu (1989), Montgomeryshire; Migneint, Caernarvonshire (1988). There are Scottish records for 24 sites in Perthshire, Angus, Aberdeenshire, Elgin, Easterness; West Ross and East Sutherland. Habitat Woodland (most Scottish sites) and open moorland. The Welsh sites are blanket bog and mire and wet heath. Ecology Biology unknown. A related common species of this genus is known to develop in liverworts. Adults recorded in June and August to October. Status A local northern and western species with 24 known post 1960 sites of which nineteen (including all non- Scottish records) are post 1980. As it is a conspicuous species, the recent increase in records may indicate an improvement in its status, which has been revised from RDB 3 (Shirt 1987 and Falk 1991). Threats Clearance of native woodland for intensive forestry. Drainage of marshy areas and ditching of streams within woodland. On open sites drainage and either afforestation or agricultural improvements could have an effect in some areas. Management and conservation Maintain continuity of woodland sites and avoid disturbance of seepages and streams. Maintain stable high water levels on bog and mire sites with mosaic of vegetation to ensure that possible breeding sites are retained. Published sources Chandler (1992b); Edwards (1913, 1925); Hutson, Ackland & Kidd (1980). BRACHYPEZA ARMATA A fungus gnat LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce) Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Brachypeza armata Winnertz, 1863 Identification This may be recognised by the characters given by Edwards (1941). The male genitalia were figured by Zaitzev (1987). Distribution There are 24 known sites scattered through the following counties of England and South Wales: Somerset, Wiltshire, Hampshire (several sites in the New Forest and Selborne Hanger), Hertfordshire, Surrey, Essex, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire; Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Leicestershire, Cheshire, Yorkshire; Carmarthenshire (Dinefwr Deer Park, 1996). Habitat All sites are broad-leaved woodland, including several ancient forests. Ecology This has been reared in Russia from both lignicolous and terrestrial fungi including Hydnum coralloides, Pleurotus ostreatus and P. pulmonarius as well as a Cortinarius species and from P. pulmonarius in the Czech Republic. Adults have been found around Pleurotus cornucopiae on decayed Beech (Fagus) at Windsor Forest in July 1991. Adults recorded from April to October. Status Until recently poorly known in Britain, but there are now 22 post 1960 sites and a wide distribution across England has been demonstrated. Status revised from RDB 2 (Shirt 1987 and Falk 1991). Threats Clearance of woodland for agriculture or intensive forestry. Removal of dead wood and old or diseased trees, on which some of the fungus hosts are dependent. Management and conservation Maintain continuity of forest areas, retaining all old or diseased trees and dead wood, especially in damp shaded situations. Published sources Chandler (1983, 1987a, 1992d); F.W. Edwards (1941); J. Edwards (1951); Emley (1992); Kidd & Brindle (1959); Levey & Pavett (2000a). 72
BREVICORNU ARCTICOIDES A fungus gnat DATA DEFICIENT Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Brevicornu arcticoides Caspers 1985 Identification The male genitalia were figured by Caspers (1985). Distribution Only two British sites known: Sutton Broad, Norfolk (August 1989, August 1990; water traps, A. Foster and D. Procter); Sandwell Valley, Staffordshire (July 1988, Malaise trap, M.G. Bloxham). Habitat Both sites are more or less wooded and damp woodland may be the preferred habitat. Ecology Biology unknown, but it probably develops like related species in soft terrestrial fungi. Adults recorded in July and August. Status This species was first published as British by Emley (1992) and was not listed in Shirt (1987) or Falk (1991). The wide geographical separation of the two known sites suggests that it has a general distribution and has been overlooked elsewhere, perhaps because of small size or secretive habits. This species was recorded by Emley (1992) under the name Brevicornu arcticoides Caspers, and although subsequently considered a synonym of Brevicornu fasciculatum (Lackschewitz, 1937), it was confirmed as British species as Brevicornu arcticoides by Chandler (2001a). Currently there is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction. Not listed in Shirt (1987) or Falk (1991). Threats Clearance of woodland for agriculture or intensive forestry. The known sites have some measure of protection. Management and conservation Avoid damage to structure of vegetation and soil in woodland and wetland habitats, or to leaf litter on which fungus hosts may depend. Published sources Caspers (1985); Chandler (2001a); Emley (1992). BREVICORNU FENNICUM A fungus gnat DATA DEFICIENT Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Brevicornu fennicum (Landrock, 1927) Identification This was figured by Chandler (1977b). Distribution Only three Scottish sites are known: Old Spey Bridge (21 September 1978, I.F.G. McLean) and Dulicht Wood (12 September 2004, I. Perry), Grantown-on-Spey, Elgin; Braelangwell Wood, East Ross (24 September 1976, A.E. Stubbs). Habitat The Braelangwell Wood site is a Pine (Pinus) wood but at both Grantown-on-Spey sites there is broadleaved woodland including Aspen Populus tremula, although the earlier record could refer to the Pine (Pinus) forest on the north bank of the River Spey. Ecology Biology unknown. The larvae probably develop in soft terrestrial fungi. Status A very poorly known species, but found in both broad-leaved woodland and native Caledonian Pine forest. A short flight period is possible which may lead to under recording. Currently there is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction. Status revised from RDB 1 (Shirt 1987) and RDB 2 (Falk 1991). Threats Clearance of native woodlands for intensive forestry or agriculture. Management and conservation Maintain woodlands in a natural state and avoid damage to leaf litter or soil structure, which might adversely affect fungus hosts. Published sources Chandler (1977b). BREVICORNU FOLIATUM A fungus gnat LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce) Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Brevicornu foliatum (Edwards, 1925) Identification Keyed and figured by Edwards (1925). Distribution Records are from the south-west of England and Highlands of Scotland, with one Welsh record suggesting an overall northern and western distribution: Gweek Wood, Cornwall (1983); Halsdon (1988), Lowen House Woods, Watersmeet, Owlacombe Wood and Bursdon Moor (1989), Devon; New Forest, Hampshire (1904, 1905, 1969); Coed Farchynys, Merionethshire (1992); Dall Burn, Rannoch (1990) and Fealar Gorge (1999), Perthshire; Logie, Elgin (1913); Loch Polchar (1966) and Abernethy Forest NNR (1982), Easterness; Migdale Wood, East Sutherland (1994). Habitat Broad-leaved and mixed woodland. Ecology Biology unknown, but it probably develops like related species in soft terrestrial fungi. Adults recorded from May to September. Status Widespread but apparently very local with thirteen post 1960 records. Not listed in Shirt (1987). Threats Clearance of woodland for agriculture or intensive forestry. Management and conservation Retain diversity of habitats within woodland. Avoid damage to leaf litter or soil structure which might be damaging to fungus hosts. Published sources Edwards (1925); Kidd & Ackland (1970). BREVICORNU GLANDIS A fungus gnat LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce) Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Brevicornu glandis Laštovka & Matile, 1974 Identification The male genitalia were figured by Laštovka & Matile (1974). Distribution All British records are from surveys of wetland sites, but it has also been found in Ireland in a survey of the Burren Grikes. The recorded sites are in Berkshire (Lashford Lane Fen) and Oxfordshire (Spartum 73
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Species Status No. 2 A review of th
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Clastobasis alternans (Winnertz) se
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1. Introduction The first account o
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NNR), which are now in Oxfordshire,
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species must, therefore, be extrapo
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e more objectively and consistently
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Species have been assigned to a thr
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5.3. The IUCN criteria for Critical
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2. A continuing decline, observed,
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Wiltshire, Buckingham Thick Copse i
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Anatella dampfi Landrock. This was
Page 25 and 26: Exechiopsis dumitrescae Burghele-Ba
Page 27 and 28: Rymosia signatipes (van der Wulp).
Page 29 and 30: Suffolk). These records show that L
Page 31 and 32: said overall is that these 22 are t
Page 33 and 34: not considered likely to merit cons
Page 35 and 36: Chalarus argenteus Coe. Berkshire (
Page 37 and 38: 7. Taxonomic list of species previo
Page 39 and 40: Scientific name Shirt 1987 Falk 199
Page 41 and 42: 10. Species listed by status catego
Page 43 and 44: Anatella pseudogibba Plassmann Bole
Page 45 and 46: Macrocera maculata Meigen Macrocera
Page 47 and 48: Platypezidae Lonchopteridae Pipuncu
Page 57: 12. Criteria used for assigning spe
Page 60 and 61: ecently recognised in Britain and i
Page 62 and 63: Distribution Records widely dispers
Page 64 and 65: Retain any dead wood and old or dis
Page 66 and 67: Management and conservation Retain
Page 68 and 69: Cambridgeshire; Thorne Moors NNR, Y
Page 70 and 71: Habitat Appears to mainly favour Pi
Page 72 and 73: ALLODIA WESTERHOLTI A fungus gnat D
Page 74 and 75: Habitat Woodland and dunes. As well
Page 78 and 79: Fen, Taynton Fen, Weston Green) (19
Page 80 and 81: Distribution Scattered across south
Page 82 and 83: Skye, North Ebudes (1991); Braelang
Page 84 and 85: Published sources Chandler (1998b,
Page 86 and 87: or damage to leaf litter or soil st
Page 88 and 89: Habitat Montane tundra. The species
Page 90 and 91: (1982), Dulsie (1989), Glen Affric,
Page 92 and 93: Management and conservation Maintai
Page 94 and 95: Published sources Chandler (1977a).
Page 96 and 97: Status Until recently a poorly know
Page 98 and 99: Threats Clearance of woodland for i
Page 100 and 101: MYCOMYA OCCULTANS A fungus gnat LOW
Page 102 and 103: (Edwards 1941; Hutson, Ackland & Ki
Page 104 and 105: that there is a succession of trees
Page 106 and 107: wood. Adults recorded from June to
Page 108 and 109: Status First recognised as British
Page 110 and 111: Scotland. Currently there is inadeq
Page 112 and 113: Ecology Biology unknown. The larvae
Page 114 and 115: Management and conservation Maintai
Page 116 and 117: SCIOPHILA ANTIQUA A fungus gnat LOW
Page 118 and 119: Quoich, Mar Lodge Estate, Braemar,
Page 120 and 121: Published sources Chandler (1992b,
Page 122 and 123: TARNANIA TARNANII A fungus gnat LOW
Page 124 and 125: TRICHONTA ICENICA A fungus gnat LOW
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Encourage future survival of sites
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Ecology The larvae are aquatic filt
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temporary water bodies are known to
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or falling in strong winds. Some of
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throughout Britain, tending to conf
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Wood, Herefordshire (1912); Porthca
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to September 1914, H.St J.K. Donist
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Status A poorly known species, whic
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TRIPHLEBA FLEXIPALPIS A scuttle fly
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Threats The clearance of valley woo
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CEPHALOSPHAERA GERMANICA A big-head
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DORYLOMORPHA ALBITARSIS A big-heade
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EUDORYLAS FUSCULUS A big-headed fly
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Management and conservation Maintai
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Threats Habitat loss to agriculture
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Bowdrey, J. 2003. The flat-footed f
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Chandler, P.J. 1990. Notes on Macro
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Clemons, L. 1994b. Lonchoptera niti
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Disney, R.H.L. & Chapman, J.W. 2001
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Falk, S.J. & Gibbs, D. 2004. Dorylo
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Holmes, P.R., Boyce, D.C. & Reed, D
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Kloet, G.S. & Hincks, W.D. 1976. A
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Morgan, M.J. 1987. Reappearance of
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Ševčík, J. 2001b. A new species
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Verrall, G.H. 1901b. List of Britis
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172
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Auchenbowie, 91 Auchmore Woods, 116
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Cawthorne, 58, 71 Cefn Cennarth, 57
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Dowlings Wood, 21, 60 Downderry, 11
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Gunnerside, 107, 118 Gwaun Gartheno
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Llyn Fawnog, 65 Llyn Hafodol, 69, 8
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nonnisilva, Sciophila, 23, 34, 49 N
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River Luineag, 99 River Monnow, 139
Page 192 and 193:
Thaumalea, 25, 42, 50, 128 The Coom
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Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991) - JNCC

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