Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991) - JNCC

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Skye, North Ebudes (1991); Braelangwell Wood, East Ross (2002); Torboll Wood, East Sutherland (1999). Habitat Wooded valleys. Ecology There is a Russian record of association with Fomes fomentarius, a bracket fungus found on Birch (Betula) in Scotland, and a Japanese record from Panellus serotinus. At Dulicht Wood and at Dulsie males were found alighting on brackets of F. fomentarius on Birch. Adults recorded from May to September. Status Very localised within the Scottish Highlands, although apparently widespread. Apart from two old records it has been found only after 1960 (20 sites). Status revised from RDB 2 (Shirt 1987). Threats Clearance of native woodland for intensive forestry and agriculture. Removal of dead wood or old and diseased trees which may support breeding sites. Management and conservation Retain any dead wood and old or diseased trees, ensuring their continuity into the future. Published sources Chandler (2001a); Kidd & Ackland (1970). DYNATOSOMA NORWEGIENSE A fungus gnat LOWER RISK (Near Threatened) Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Dynatosoma norwegiense Zaitzev & Økland, 1994 Identification The male genitalia were figured by Zaitzev & Økland (1994). Distribution Only recorded from a few old forest sites in southern England: East Coppice, Bloxworth, Dorset (15 September – 29 October 2004, J. Denton); The Knowles (16 July 1995 and 16 May 2002, I. Perry) and Denny Wood (9 July 1995, I. Perry), New Forest, Hampshire; Ashridge Estate, Hertfordshire (8 July 1999, P.J. Chandler); Bucklebury Common (12 July 1989, A.E. Stubbs; 6 June 1993, P.J. Chandler) and Windsor Forest (Malaise trap, 15 August 1994, via J. Brock), Berkshire; Habitat Broad-leaved woodland. Ecology Reared in Slovakia from the bracket fungus Tyromyces chioneus (Ševčík 2003). Species closely related to the present one (sharing its orange body coloration), which have not been found in Britain, have been reared from the sulphur polypore Laetiporus sulphureus in Europe. However, searching Bucklebury Common in 1993 failed to confirm the presence of this fungus or other suitable large polypores. Mycetophilid larvae found in L. sulphureus at other sites in Britain have proved to belong to Mycetophila tridentata Lundström or Sciophila buxtoni Freeman. A female at Bucklebury Common was found by sweeping tree foliage, while males at Ashridge were amongst brushwood around the base of an ancient chestnut (Castanea sativa) trunk. Status Unclear. Added to the British list in Chandler (1994c) so not listed by Shirt (1987) or Falk (1991). This is a large conspicuous species which could not easily be overlooked. However, if occurrence on tree foliage is regular it may usually be out of reach in the canopy. Threats Clearance of native woodland for agriculture or commercial forestry. Removal of over mature and diseased trees or dead wood, on which host fungi are probably dependent for their survival. Management and conservation Maintain woodland in a natural state, retaining over mature trees and dead wood with their associated fungi, ensuring continuity of this habitat in the future. Published sources Chandler (1994c, 2001a); Zaitzev & Økland (1994). ECTREPESTHONEURA COLYERI A fungus gnat LOWER RISK (Nationally Scarce) Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Ectrepesthoneura colyeri Chandler, 1980 Identification Keyed by Chandler (1980) and Hutson, Ackland & Kidd (1980). Distribution Widely scattered records through much of Britain: Cottwood, Devon (1989); Langley Wood (1978) and Savernake Forest (1990, 1991), Wiltshire; Sutton Common, Dorset (1990); Ridley Wood (1953) and Mark Ash Wood (1987, 1988, 1989), New Forest, Hampshire; Three Bridges, Sussex (1892); Wychwood NNR, Oxfordshire (1989, 1990); Burnham Beeches NNR, Buckinghamshire (1990, 1995-6, 1999); King’s Forest, Suffolk (1991, 1995, 2000, 2002); Buckingham Thick Copse, Northamptonshire (1989, 1990); Moccas Park NNR, Herefordshire (1997); Madeley, Staffordshire (1938); Oxwich NNR, Glamorgan (1989); Dinefwr Deer Park, Carmarthenshire (1996); Coed Tycanol NNR, Pembrokeshire (1999); Hafod Garregog NNR, Caernarvonshire (1999); Chirk Castle Park, Denbighshire (1996); Camusurich (1979), Pass of Killiecrankie (1997-8), Dall Burn, Rannoch (1997) and Brackland Glen Wood, Callander (1992), Perthshire; Bonhill, Dunbartonshire (1909). Habitat Broad-leaved woodland, especially the more ancient sites with a good amount of dead wood. Ecology Obtained in emergence traps over rotten logs in Norway by Martinsen & Söli (2000) and possibly associated with encrusting fungi like the common species E. hirta (Winnertz), which was found in the same traps. Status Until recently a poorly known species with only three pre-1980 records, but it has since been found to be widespread in old woodland and parkland with 20 additional sites already reported. It was found to be numerous during surveys of Wychwood NNR and Savernake Forest. Status revised from RDB 2 (Shirt 1987 and Falk 1991). Threats Clearance of woodland for intensive forestry or agriculture. Removal of any dead wood or old or diseased trees which might support breeding sites. Management and conservation Retain any dead wood and old or diseased trees, ensuring their continuity into the future. 78
Published sources Chandler (1980, 1987b, 1992b); Emley (1992); Howe & Howe (2001); Judd (1999b); Levey & Pavett (2000a). ECTREPESTHONEURA PUBESCENS A fungus gnat DATA DEFICIENT Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Ectrepesthoneura pubescens (Zetterstedt, 1850) Identification Keyed by Chandler (1980) and Hutson, Ackland & Kidd (1980). Distribution One record from southern England and four from the Scottish Highlands: Dry Sandford Pit, Berkshire (Malaise trap run 5 to 27 April 1990, ten males and seven females, K. Porter); Mid Quoich, Mar Lodge Estate, Aberdeenshire (19 June 2000, two males, one female, A. Godfrey); Loch an Eilein (29 May 1973, one male, P.J. Chandler) and River Glass oxbow (28 May 2002, one female, P.J. Chandler), Easterness; Migdale Wood, East Sutherland (31 May 2002, one female, P.J. Chandler). Habitat Mixed or conifer forest at the Scottish sites. The English site is a mainly dry open habitat but the Malaise trap was in an area of scrub woodland with pools. Ecology Biology unknown but probably developing in rotten wood bearing fungal growth like allied species. Adults recorded only in April and May. Status The widely separated sites, with apparently little in common other than the presence of some trees and wet areas, indicate this to be a very restricted species although it is possible that a short flight period may have resulted in some under recording. Currently there is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction. Status revised from RDB 1 (Shirt 1987 and Falk 1991). Threats Unclear other than loss of habitat to intensive forestry or agriculture. Removal of dead wood which supports larval development Management and conservation Ensure that existing mosaic of habitats is maintained and retain any dead wood, especially in damp shaded situations. Published sources Chandler (1980); Hutson, Ackland & Kidd (1980). EUDICRANA NIGRICEPS A fungus gnat VULNERABLE Order DIPTERA Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Eudicrana nigriceps (Lundström, 1909) Identification Keyed by Hutson, Ackland & Kidd (1980). Distribution Only two Scottish records known: Loch Garten, Easterness (21 June 1933, J.E. Collin) and Ardvasar, Skye, North Ebudes (7 July 1991, A.E. Stubbs). Habitat Unclear. the Loch Garten site consists of areas of ancient Pine (Pinus) forest with some fen and Birch (Betula) woodland. The Skye site is a marsh with seepages bordered by Sallow (Salix) carr. Ecology Biology unknown. Related genera have larvae which develop in rotten wood or fungi, on which they are often web spinners at the surface. Status Very poorly known with only the two reported sites. The Easterness site is now owned by the RSPB and is adjoining the Abernethy Forest NNR, but frequent visits to the area by dipterists in recent years have not confirmed its continued existence there. The newly discovered site on Skye is thus of considerable importance. Threats Clearance of woodland for intensive forestry or agriculture, and removal of dead wood. Drainage of wetter areas in woodland and damage to structure of adjacent fen vegetation. Although now protected, the area around Loch Garten has evidently suffered inappropriate management in the past and there are few old trees and relatively little dead wood in the area. Management and conservation Maintain habitats in a natural state, retaining any dead wood and avoid drainage. Ensure that fen vegetation is not damaged by overgrazing or non-rotational cutting. Published sources Edwards (1941). EXECHIA CHANDLERI A fungus gnat Order DIPTERA Exechia chandleri Caspers, 1987. DATA DEFICIENT Family MYCETOPHILIDAE Identification The male genitalia were figured by Caspers (1987). Distribution Six known British localities: Priddy Pools, Somerset (16 October 1986, A.E. Stubbs); Epping Forest, Essex (August 1998); Weston Green Fen (July to August 1987) and Chimney Meadows Ditch (September to October 1991), Oxfordshire (K. Porter); Burnham Beeches NNR, Buckinghamshire (July to August 1995, J.W. Ismay); Buckingham Thick Copse, Northamptonshire (6 September 1991, A. Warne). Habitat The male from Somerset was found at the margin of a pool on open marshy ground. The other records were obtained using Malaise traps in damp woodlands or wooded wetlands. Ecology Biology unknown. The larvae probably develop, like those of related species, in soft mainly terrestrial fungi. Adults recorded from July to October. Status Included in Chandler (1998b) and formally added to the British list by Chandler (2001a). It was described from Germany and has since been found in Slovakia (Chandler 1995) and other parts of central Europe. Currently there is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction. Not listed in Shirt (1987). Status revised from RDB 1 (Falk 1991, where it is listed as Exechia sp. nov.). Threats Drainage of wetlands or clearance of damp woodlands for agriculture or intensive forestry. Management and conservation Maintain sites in a natural state with all successional stages and a stable water level; avoid damage to litter layer or soil structure which might affect fungus hosts adversely. 79
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Species Status No. 2 A review of th
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Clastobasis alternans (Winnertz) se
Page 7 and 8:
1. Introduction The first account o
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NNR), which are now in Oxfordshire,
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species must, therefore, be extrapo
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e more objectively and consistently
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Species have been assigned to a thr
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5.3. The IUCN criteria for Critical
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2. A continuing decline, observed,
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Wiltshire, Buckingham Thick Copse i
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Anatella dampfi Landrock. This was
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Exechiopsis dumitrescae Burghele-Ba
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Rymosia signatipes (van der Wulp).
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Suffolk). These records show that L
Page 31 and 32: said overall is that these 22 are t
Page 33 and 34: not considered likely to merit cons
Page 35 and 36: Chalarus argenteus Coe. Berkshire (
Page 37 and 38: 7. Taxonomic list of species previo
Page 39 and 40: Scientific name Shirt 1987 Falk 199
Page 41 and 42: 10. Species listed by status catego
Page 43 and 44: Anatella pseudogibba Plassmann Bole
Page 45 and 46: Macrocera maculata Meigen Macrocera
Page 47 and 48: Platypezidae Lonchopteridae Pipuncu
Page 57: 12. Criteria used for assigning spe
Page 60 and 61: ecently recognised in Britain and i
Page 62 and 63: Distribution Records widely dispers
Page 64 and 65: Retain any dead wood and old or dis
Page 66 and 67: Management and conservation Retain
Page 68 and 69: Cambridgeshire; Thorne Moors NNR, Y
Page 70 and 71: Habitat Appears to mainly favour Pi
Page 72 and 73: ALLODIA WESTERHOLTI A fungus gnat D
Page 74 and 75: Habitat Woodland and dunes. As well
Page 76 and 77: BOLETINA SILVATICA A fungus gnat Or
Page 78 and 79: Fen, Taynton Fen, Weston Green) (19
Page 80 and 81: Distribution Scattered across south
Page 84 and 85: Published sources Chandler (1998b,
Page 86 and 87: or damage to leaf litter or soil st
Page 88 and 89: Habitat Montane tundra. The species
Page 90 and 91: (1982), Dulsie (1989), Glen Affric,
Page 92 and 93: Management and conservation Maintai
Page 94 and 95: Published sources Chandler (1977a).
Page 96 and 97: Status Until recently a poorly know
Page 98 and 99: Threats Clearance of woodland for i
Page 100 and 101: MYCOMYA OCCULTANS A fungus gnat LOW
Page 102 and 103: (Edwards 1941; Hutson, Ackland & Ki
Page 104 and 105: that there is a succession of trees
Page 106 and 107: wood. Adults recorded from June to
Page 108 and 109: Status First recognised as British
Page 110 and 111: Scotland. Currently there is inadeq
Page 112 and 113: Ecology Biology unknown. The larvae
Page 114 and 115: Management and conservation Maintai
Page 116 and 117: SCIOPHILA ANTIQUA A fungus gnat LOW
Page 118 and 119: Quoich, Mar Lodge Estate, Braemar,
Page 120 and 121: Published sources Chandler (1992b,
Page 122 and 123: TARNANIA TARNANII A fungus gnat LOW
Page 124 and 125: TRICHONTA ICENICA A fungus gnat LOW
Page 126 and 127: Encourage future survival of sites
Page 128 and 129: Ecology The larvae are aquatic filt
Page 130 and 131: temporary water bodies are known to
Page 132 and 133:
or falling in strong winds. Some of
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throughout Britain, tending to conf
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Wood, Herefordshire (1912); Porthca
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to September 1914, H.St J.K. Donist
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Status A poorly known species, whic
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TRIPHLEBA FLEXIPALPIS A scuttle fly
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Threats The clearance of valley woo
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CEPHALOSPHAERA GERMANICA A big-head
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DORYLOMORPHA ALBITARSIS A big-heade
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EUDORYLAS FUSCULUS A big-headed fly
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Management and conservation Maintai
Page 154 and 155:
Threats Habitat loss to agriculture
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Bowdrey, J. 2003. The flat-footed f
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Chandler, P.J. 1990. Notes on Macro
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Clemons, L. 1994b. Lonchoptera niti
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Disney, R.H.L. & Chapman, J.W. 2001
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Falk, S.J. & Gibbs, D. 2004. Dorylo
Page 166 and 167:
Holmes, P.R., Boyce, D.C. & Reed, D
Page 168 and 169:
Kloet, G.S. & Hincks, W.D. 1976. A
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Morgan, M.J. 1987. Reappearance of
Page 172 and 173:
Ševčík, J. 2001b. A new species
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Verrall, G.H. 1901b. List of Britis
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172
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Auchenbowie, 91 Auchmore Woods, 116
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Cawthorne, 58, 71 Cefn Cennarth, 57
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Dowlings Wood, 21, 60 Downderry, 11
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Gunnerside, 107, 118 Gwaun Gartheno
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Llyn Fawnog, 65 Llyn Hafodol, 69, 8
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nonnisilva, Sciophila, 23, 34, 49 N
Page 190 and 191:
River Luineag, 99 River Monnow, 139
Page 192 and 193:
Thaumalea, 25, 42, 50, 128 The Coom
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Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991) - JNCC

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