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4. Plant Viruses cause great concern to agriculturists by their pathogenic nature. Bacteriophages attack the N 2 fixing bacteria of soil and are responsible for reducing the fertility of soil. 5. In industry, viruses are used in preparation of sera and vaccines. SELF EVALUATION One Mark Choose the correct answer 1. T.M.V has the following symmetry. a. Cubical b. helical c.atypical d.square 2. The infective nature of virus is due to a. protein coat b. nucleic acid c. envelope d.tail fibres. 3. Developing a vaccine for SARS is difficult because a. it spreads by infectious materials b. it is an enveloped virus c. it is constantly changing it’s form d. it has ssRNA Fill in the banks 1. ________ isolated <strong>first</strong> virus in crystalline form. 2. The two important components of viruses are ___________ and ___________. 3. All ________viruses have ds.RNA. 4. _________ is a plant virus which has DNA 5. _________ virus causes AIDS. Match Cyanophage Mycophage SARS AIDS Phage - Corona virus - HIV - Blue green algae - Bacteria - Fungi 20
Two Marks 1. Justify: Viruses are biologists’ puzzle. 2. Define: virus 3. List any two living characteristics of virus. 4. List any two non-living characteristics of virus. 5. Viruses can undergo mutation. What does this signify? 6. Viruses can be crystallized. What does this signify? 7. What are the three main symmetry of viruses? 8. What is the principle used in sedimentation by ultra centrifugation method of measuring the size of a virus? 9. What are enveloped viruses? 10. Define nucleocapsid. 11. Name any two plant diseases / animal diseases/human diseases caused by viruses? 12. Define virion/ viroid/ prion 13. What are oncogenic viruses? 14. What are interferons? Five Marks 1. Discuss the methods that are used to measure the size of a virus? 2. What is meant by biological control? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. 3. Write a note on: Significance of viruses. Ten Marks 1. Distinquish lytic cycle of a phage from lysogenic cycle . 2. Write an essay on the cause, symptoms and prevention of AIDS /SARS 21
Page 1 and 2: BOTANY HIGHER SECONDARY - FIRST YEA
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE We are passing through an "
Page 5 and 6: Unit 5 : Plant Physiology (30 hours
Page 7 and 8: 5. Physiology Experiments 5..1 Tran
Page 9 and 10: III. PLANT MORPHOLOGY .............
Page 11 and 12: Diversity in living organisms I. BI
Page 13 and 14: the fossil records which form the b
Page 15 and 16: Other colorless forms ingest small
Page 17 and 18: 2. Their mode of nutrition is heter
Page 19 and 20: Difficulties in classification Sinc
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 2. Salient Features of
Page 23 and 24: Structure of a virus A virus is com
Page 25 and 26: 4. Bacteriophages Virus that infect
Page 27 and 28: the Diptheria bacillus which is det
Page 29: It has created panic among the peop
Page 33 and 34: C. Tetracocci: Cells divide in two
Page 35 and 36: Acetobacteria and Lactobacillus are
Page 37 and 38: 2. Transduction : Donor DNA is carr
Page 39 and 40: 2. Vinegar Vinegar (Acetic acid) is
Page 41 and 42: 2.3 Fungi Conventionally Fungi have
Page 43 and 44: species and suffers harm from the p
Page 45 and 46: Mucor Rhizopus Sporangium Spores Sp
Page 47 and 48: organisms play an important role in
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.1 Mucor Division : Eumycota Sub
Page 51 and 52: As a consequence, the sporangium bu
Page 53 and 54: Fig.1.20 Life-Cycle of Mucor SELF E
Page 55 and 56: 2.4 Algae Salient Features Algae ar
Page 57 and 58: The yellow, orange or red coloured
Page 59 and 60: 1. Pigmentation 2. Reserve food 3.
Page 61 and 62: It is used in sound and fire proof
Page 63 and 64: 2.4.1 Spirogyra Class : Chlorophyce
Page 65 and 66: (c) By aplanospores During unfavour
Page 67 and 68: Fig.1.28 Schematic representation o
Page 69 and 70: 2.5 Bryophytes There are fossil rec
Page 71 and 72: the dominant generation in the top
Page 73 and 74: 2.5.1 Riccia Class : Hepaticae Orde
Page 75 and 76: Chlorophyllous tissue The dorsal re
Page 77 and 78: Structure of mature archegonium Mat
Page 79 and 80: to form a diploid zygote which grow
Page 81 and 82:
2.6. Pteridophytes This division in
Page 83 and 84:
Ferns represent a more specialized
Page 85 and 86:
2.6.1 Nephrolepsis Division : Trach
Page 87 and 88:
The vascular cylinder is diarch and
Page 89 and 90:
Each mature archegonium is differen
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2.7 Spermatophytes (Gymnosperms) Th
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5. The sporophyte bears two types o
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SELF EVALUATION One Mark Fill in th
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Normal roots: The long-lived primar
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lignified and pitted cell walls. Th
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The vascular bundles are arranged i
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Reproduction : Cycas reproduces by
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(anemophyllous). Further developmen
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Fertilization : The fusion of male
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II. CELL BIOLOGY 1. The Cell - Basi
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Table 2.1 Differences between plant
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2. Cell Theory In the year (1839) S
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3. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
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Surrounding the DNA in the darker r
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and size of the chromosomes are the
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air and that is the reason why the
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5.Cell Wall The cells of all plants
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wall is very strongly anisotropic a
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SELF EVALUATION One Mark Choose the
Page 129 and 130:
Lipids The lipid molecules form a c
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The rate of diffusion is directly p
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itself to the other binding site of
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Five Marks 1. List the functions of
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Smooth ER This type of ER does not
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It is formed by a stack of flattene
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Mitochondria A Mitochondrion is als
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Stroma, a semi fluid, colourless, c
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Self Evaluation One Mark Choose the
Page 147 and 148:
In plants, active mitotic cell divi
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Cytokinesis The division of the cyt
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3. Anaphase I 4. Telophase I Propha
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Consequently at each pole only half
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III. PLANT MORPHOLOGY 1. Root, Stem
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4. Zone of cell differentiation : (
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2. Respiratory or breathing roots I
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Vanda Tinospora Leaf Photosynthetic
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Phylloclade: These are green, flatt
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Scale leaf Ginger Bud Potato Eye sp
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VENATION Reticulate Parallel Pinnat
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1.Unipinnate: In Digitate - Bombax
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5. Pitcher In the pitcher plant (Ne
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2. Inflorescence The reproductive o
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Simple Raceme This is a very simple
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is called involucre of bracts from
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Simple Cyme The stem or the axil of
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IV. Special Type of Inflorescence T
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3. Flowers, Fruits and Seeds Struct
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Parts of a flower A typical flower
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coloured and highly developed, whic
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II. Filmbriate: Petals fringed with
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Valvate Twisted Descendingly Imbric
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iii. Gynandrous: Stamens adhere to
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1. Axile Placentation This type of
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iii. Asymmetric: A flower which can
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In these fruits either the entire p
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2. Cremocarp: Fruit is produced fro
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the flowers are sterile and seeds a
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maize grain is yellow in colour and
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Fill in the blanks 1. A special lea
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IV. GENETICS 1. Concept of Heredity
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this concept the progeny of a black
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2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance Int
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1. It is a naturally self-fertilizi
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Monohybrid Cross (Experiments with
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Dihybrid Cross (Cross involving two
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characters that appear in the F 1 h
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Fill in the blanks 1. The pairs of
Page 225 and 226:
contained as a sequence of nucleoti
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Physical and Chemical Basis of Here
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other and not the alleles. In Mirab
Page 231 and 232:
Epistasis can be of the following t
Page 233 and 234:
White Green P WWYY X wwyy Gametes W
Page 235 and 236:
SELF EVALUATION One Mark Choose the
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