and budgets, 77 and economic development programmes, 9, 77 and development (see development) and poverty reduction programmes, 78 approach, 9–11, 12, 77, 91–93 model for development, 27 principles, 9, 27, 74, 77, 78, 91–93 hygiene education, 25, 49, 55, 65, 84 illiteracy, 19, 45 India, 4, 12, 18, 25, 26, 88 Bihar Education Project, 25, 26 female literacy in, 25–26 Mahila Samakhya, 26 Mahila Shiksan Kendra, 25–26 Panchayati Raj Institutions, 26, 89 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, 88–89 Indonesia, 12, 40 industrialized countries, 31, 32, 38, 60, 62, 63, 67, 78 infant mortality, 1, 2, 22 integrated early childhood programmes, 59, 85 integrated child development services, 53 International Conference on Financing for Development, 41, 78 International Labour Organization, 5, 21, 51, 61, 67 International Monetary Fund, 21 iodine deficiency, 45 Iran, Islamic Republic of, 12, 74 Iraq, 13 Jamaica, 63 Uplifting Adolescents Project, 66 Japan, 37, 54 Japan National Committee for UNICEF, 49 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (see UNAIDS) Jordan, 13 Community Empowerment Project, 87–88 Kazakhstan, 36 Kenya, 13, 24, 34–37, 41, 50, 84 Child-Friendly Primary School Initiative, 36 Strengthening Primary School Management project, 84 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 40 Korea, Republic of 12, 40 Kuwait, 13 Kyrgyzstan 12, 36 Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 12, 40, 46, 49, 55 Teacher Upgrading Project, 49 Latin America, 6, 18, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34, 49, 54, 61, 62, 63, 67 Latvia, 36 Learning Tree Initiative, 52–53 least developed countries, 32, 78 Lesotho, 13, 50, 60, 61 Liberia Support to War Affected Youth project, 53 life skills, 8, 25, 35, 51, 84, 89 programmes, 49 literacy, 10, 18, 20, 25, 26, 35, 37, 85 Madagascar, 13, 50, 61 malaria, 68 Malawi, 4, 13, 35, 36, 50, 61, 83 school-feeding programme, 55 Malaysia, 12, 38, 40 Mali, 4, 13, 33 malnutrition, 55, 78 maternal health, 1, 20, 56 maternal mortality, 20, 71 Mauritania, 33, 39 Mauritius, 13 Mexico, 38, 41, 78 Middle East, 32, 33 Millennium Declaration, 37, 91 Millennium Development Goals, 1, 6, 27, 32, 37, 41, 77, 78, 91 gender parity in education, 4, 31 universal primary education, 39, 71 Millennium Summit, 23 Moldova, 36 Mongolia, 12, 36, 40, 60, 61 Morocco, 13, 33, 52 Ministry of Economic Provision and Planning survey, 52 mothers, 18–19, 20, 47, 54, 55, 62, 67, 85, 86, 89 (see also maternal mortality) Mozambique, 13, 40, 50 Mubarak, H.E. Mrs. Suzanne, 20 multigrade teaching, 5, 54, 96 Myanmar, 12, 40 School-Based Healthy Living and HIV/AIDS Prevention Education programme, 84 Namibia, 13, 50, 51, 60 Nepal, 4, 12, 33, 46 Nicaragua, 39 Niger, 13, 34, 39, 40 Nigeria, 4, 50, 64 Conscientizing Male Adolescents programme, 64 nomadic groups, 5, 67 non-governmental organizations, 10, 20, 49, 52 North Africa, 32, 33 Norway, 53, 55, 87 nutrition, 19, 20, 27, 45, 49, 55, 77, 78, 84 official development assistance, 40, 78 Oman, 13 open primary schools, 61, 62, 86 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 5 orphans, 86 and HIV/AIDS, 35, 37, 50, 76 Pacific, 6, 12, 25, 32, 33, 40 Pakistan, 4, 12, 33, 65, 73, 74, 88 Papua New Guinea, 4, 12, 40 parents, 9, 10, 35, 36, 46, 63, 72, 73, 74, 76, attitudes to education, 18, 23, 24, 48, 62, 66, 67, 84, 85, 86, 87 improving skills, 47 144 INDEX
participation, 27, 67, 77, 91, 92, 93 community, 20, 21, 76, 89 of boys and men, 65–66, 83 of girls and women, 4, 17, 21, 35, 37, 47, 75, 76, 83, 84, 87 marriage as barrier to, 23 Partnership on Sustainable Strategies for Girls’ Education, 40 peer educators/facilitators, 51, 84 Peru, 38 Intercultural Bilingual Education, 85 Opening Doors for Girls’ Education project, 9, 88 Punkukunata Kichaspa project, 9–11 Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 24 Philippines, 12, 40 poverty, 1, 2, 6, 20–23, 26, 27, 35, 54, 66, 67 Poverty Reduction Strategy, 39, 41, 76 pregnancy, 20, 51, 86 pre-schools, 46, 48, 85 primary education completion rates in, 31, 33, 39, 71, 84 enrolment in, 4, 18, 22, 31, 34, 36, 46, 53, 74, 84, 85 gender gap in, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 14, 28, 31, 33, 35, 86 net enrolment ratios in, 4, 31, 32, 53, 65 Qatar, 13 Quechua, 10, 85 rape, 50, 51, 64, 87 repetition rate, 38, 61 rights (See child rights; human rights; women’s rights; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Convention on the Rights of the Child) role models, 63, 65, 84 Roma, 35, 84 Romania, 36, 84 Russian Federation, 36 Rwanda, 13, 50 Saint Lucia, 38 Samoa, 12 sanitation (see water and sanitation) Saudi Arabia, 13 Save the Children Alliance, 49 Say Yes for Children campaign “Educate every child” in, 25 schools child-friendly, 20, 24, 51, 53, 83, 89 enrolment, 4, 7, 18, 22, 31–36, 53, 60, 74, 78, 84, 85 environment in, 59, 63, 72, 83, 87 gender-sensitive, 25, 49, 53, 59, 78, 83, 89 multigrade/multiage, 5, 54, 85, 86 non-formal, 5, 46, 76, 85, 86 open primary, 61, 62, 86 pupil/teacher ratios in, 38, 50 safety of, 23, 59, 65, 72, 74, 83, 87 school-feeding programmes, 21, 27, 55, 65 school fees, 10, 24, 35, 36, 48, 75, 83 school-in-a-box, 5 secondary education, 3, 5, 8, 17, 31, 34, 36 Senegal, 4, 13, 20, 41, 50, 53 Serbia and Montenegro, 35, 36 sexual exploitation, 51 Sierra Leone, 3, 13, 24, 50, 53 Somalia, 34, 50, 84 South Africa, 13, 50 South Asia, 6, 31, 32, 33 South-East Asia, 18 Special Session on Children (see United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Children) spending for education, 21, 22, 38, 39 sport in schools, 53, 67, 76, 84 Sri Lanka, 12 Statement of Common Understanding, 91 Straight Talk, 51 structural adjustment, 10, 22 sub-Saharan Africa, 2, 4, 6, 13, 22, 31–35, 38, 50, 51, 54, 63, 72, 86 Sudan, 4, 13, 33, 54, 65–67, 88 Child-Friendly Community Initiative, 65 Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army, 54 Suriname, 61 Swaziland, 13, 50 Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 49 Syrian Arab Republic, 13 Tajikistan, 12, 74 Taliban, 72–74 Tanzania (see United Republic of Tanzania) teachers, 10, 36, 37, 47–51, 67, 73–76, 83–85, 87–89 gender balance of, 63 percentage of female, 34, 53, 84 proportion of females as head, 84 ratio to pupils/students, 38, 53, 84, 87 training of, 47, 49, 53, 74, 84, 88 wages of/incentives for, 10, 38, 76 teaching, 47, 49, 65, 73, 75, 83–85, 88 child-centred, 59, 60, 83, 88 in mother-tongue, 83, 85 multigrade, 5, 54 tertiary education, 17, 37, 53, 63, 85 Thailand, 4, 12, 22, 40 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 47 Timor-Leste, 40, 52 Togo, 13, 38, 50 trafficking, 8, 51 Tunisia, 13 Turkey, 4, 52, 61–62, 86 Kardelen (play), 62 open primary schools, 61, 62, 86 Turkey Development Foundation, 61 25 by 2005 campaign/initiative, 3–5 Uganda, 13, 21, 35, 36, 50, 51, 65, 87 Girls’ Education Movement, 65, 87 United Arab Emirates, 13 UNAIDS, 5 United Kingdom, 63 <strong>THE</strong> <strong>STATE</strong> <strong>OF</strong> <strong>THE</strong> WORLD’S <strong>CHILDREN</strong> <strong>2004</strong> 145
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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4 THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF EDUCATIN
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FOREWORD Within a family, there are
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In the Millennium Declaration of Se
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The most urgent goal of all More im
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global and country levels 6 (see Pa
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children out of school). At any mom
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Parents often do not realize that g
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that is needed to overcome the obst
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have acknowledged that education is
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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Education is everybody’s human ri
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The multiplier effect. Education ha
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This view of growth as central to d
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ment that was born of it, recognize
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gling with the decision as to wheth
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le jeopardy: because of their gende
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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What is the scale of the problem th
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mostly report on averages and thus
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learning achievement. In many cases
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that have achieved gender parity is
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FIGURE 9 CHILDREN’S OPINIONS ON G
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There are recent, tentatively hopef
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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The benefits of educating girls are
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that such programmes establish the
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in Zambia fell by almost half among
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HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. Som
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Tree Initiative in several other co
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if the extra income is channelled t
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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Making schools and education system
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having boys look after family cattl
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as boys achieved better results in
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graduated have gained significant s
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In Brazil, too, boys’ problems wi
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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Girls’ education is a dream inves
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go to school was overwhelming. UNIC
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the outcome would be better for all
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BOX 6 BUDGETS AND HUMAN RIGHTS A hu
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An unfinished piece of 20th century
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
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While one cannot assume that all wo
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Enabling young mothers to return to
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community meeting, where women disc
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ANNEX B THE HUMAN RIGHTS- BASED APP
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