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Disaster Risk Management For Coastal Tourism Destinations Responding To Climate Change A Practical Guide For Decision Makers These are important factors to bear in mind when implementing the disaster preparedness plan. They stress the importance of training responders and raising public awareness on the Emergency Plan developed in the previous chapter. Accordingly, Chapter 6 provides guidance on drills, exercises and training and on what to expect during plan implementation. 6.2 Testing the Disaster Preparedness Plan Disasters are relatively rare events. It is likely, therefore, that a disaster preparedness plan will not have been tested or implemented. Exercising or drilling the plan is the primary way for emergency managers and responders to test and evaluate components of the plan to determine its effectiveness in an actual disaster event. Various levels of exercising the plan are explained in Box 6.1. Exercises are the responsibility of the local or national disaster management agency. They usually involve staff of the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC), which, in real life disaster situations is established to coordinate and manage the crisis, dispatching There are four key reasons for testing and evaluating the plan: 2) To detect potential problems in the overall emergency management system. 4) To detect problems with the functioning, operation of equipment and communication systems. Box 6.1: Types of Emergency Plan Simulation Exercises There are three levels of exercises for preparedness training: Tabletop Exercises. These require minimal preparation. The main purpose is to detect potential problems with emergency coordination and to determine the suitability of assigned responsibilities. Tabletop exercises determine requirements for further training. They are most effective for the preparedness and response function but less so for the recovery function. conference table – hence term “tabletop”) and are presented with a disaster scenario with its related problems designed by the emergency manager. The scenario is discussed in reference to the disaster plan framework and its procedures. Functional Exercise. This exercise is intended for the Coordinating Group, and emergency responders including the staff of the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) that coordinates the national disaster response, emergency responders and collaborating agencies. They participate in this speeded- and effectiveness. This is more complex than the tabletop exercise and 74 | Implementing The Preparedness Plan
Disaster Risk Management For Coastal Tourism Destinations Responding To Climate Change A Practical Guide For Decision Makers is conducted within a hypothetical disaster scenario over 2-3 days. It is designed to test individual or multiple functions of the emergency response framework such as direction and control, decision making, communications, warning or evacuation. The exercise can be conducted at a suitable location where communications equipment is available. It examines how the emergency response function will transition from the plan framework to a real time event and normally also includes the use and exchange of written, telephone, or radio messages. Full-Scale Exercise. This is a real-time simulation where EOC staff, emergency responders, and the support functions of the national disaster management organization and local agencies are responding to a simulated disaster scenario. It is also referred to as a drill and is important for every community to undertake. The full-scale exercise is the highest level of exercise and the culmination of the plan simulation exercises. The full-scale exercise is designed to evaluate the operational capability of the emergency management system over a substantial period of time. It tests major components and subcomponents of the emergency plan through realistic scenarios that create a high-stress environment. Actions called for by the emergency managers must actually be undertaken. Response agencies must be activated, resources moved in real time, shelters opened, and the EOC fully activated. The media is contacted and involved and often citizens participate in “real time” as the scenario unfolds. Citizens may pretend to be injured or have to be found (search and rescue). This full scale exercise is the media interaction. 6 6.2.1 Organizing and Preparing for Exercises The consistent message of this Handbook is the value of approaching disaster risk reduction and management as a collaborative process. The same principle applies when beginning the process of testing the preparedness plan. In organizing for simulation and drill exercises: Discuss and Agree on the Logistics of the Exercises: Disaster managers discuss exercise logistics. The basic elements of the preparedness plan should be familiar to all members. The group should then decide on whether it is logistically feasible to exercise the entire plan in one session or if multisessions are required. Review all pertinent tasks and activities against the logistics, including the personnel and equipment resources required from the disaster management organization and mutual assistance partners, as well as any regulatory approvals required for activities. Schedule Exercise and Drills: Exercises should be scheduled based on the availability of all critical personnel, plant and equipment. For the full scale drill it is very important to have consensus on the scheduled dates. Tourism industry high and low season dynamics should also be factored into the scheduling. It is advisable to produce the schedule of tasks and activities on drawing sheets or print using project management software. The industry Coordinating Group should use these visual aids to discuss and eliminate 75
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1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose of the
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2 Climate Change, Disasters And Tou
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