Kabul Urban Survey - Groupe URD

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Comments The study of an up-to-date administrative map is very important for understanding the link between administrative location and urban issues such as urban vulnerability, lack of basic services or public infrastructure. This map is too imprecise. This map cannot be used for an urban survey as it is too imprecise for localising the administrative boundaries of different districts. It is also too incomplete, given that much of the data is missing, such as the location of districts 20 and 21, the road network and hilly landscape. It is not apparently used by international urban actors Details on this map need to be verified to check whether they represent the exact urban location. • An obsolete administrative town planning map: 1978 Master Plan (MP) The second administrative urban plan is an out-of-date Master Plan (MP) of Kabul 1978. For Kabul Municipality and other main Afghan municipalities, the Master Plans are the only accepted administrative references on which urban responsibilities, implementation and urban planning development policy should be based. It is difficult to have access to this Master Plan. One example is fixed on a wall in Kabul Municipality office. This photo was taken from another paper copy with hand colouring which is situated in EMG/USAID 21 office. No paper copy is available and it is not digitalised. Figure 55: Master Plan of Kabul 1978 Source: Photo by the author The Master Plan was established for Kabul during the 1970s during the Soviet period, as for all major cities in Afghanistan, such as Kandahar, Mazar-e Sharif, Jalalabad, Kundunz and 21 Emerging Market Group, American land tenure survey company funded by United States Aid Page 42
Herat. The use of this map represents a major urban management and development problem. Historical context of the Master Plan The Kabul Master Plan was established more than thirty years ago. Marcus Shadl, an architect working for the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), an international organisation who has been heavily involved in the physical rehabilitation of Kabul, presents some aspects of the historical context in which the Master Plan was drawn up. “In 1964 the first Master Plan for Kabul was developed with the help of the Soviet Union. Later, in 1971, the original plan was slightly revised. Simultaneously, the first Soviet-style apartment blocks with prefabricated elements were raised in Mikrorayan. By the mid 1970s the city was inhabited by approximately 750,000 people. According to the Master Plan, Kabul should have been adequately remodelled and enlarged for an estimated population of 1.4 million people between 1978 and 2003, less than half of today’s estimated. Soon after the implementation of the plan had started, the shadow of war and destruction fell on Kabul and the rest of the country for the next 22 years 22 ” General consensus for the need to update this 1978 Master Plan All urban actors in Kabul are in agreement that a new Master Plan needs to be drawn up for the next twenty years. Pathak, as urban planner and policy advisor to the Kabul Municipality, highlights the need to review the now obsolete 1978 Master Plan. “A Master Plan for Kabul was prepared in 1978. This Plan was based on the projected population of the city to be 2 million in 2003. The present population of Kabul is estimated between 3.5 million to 4.0 million. There is a general consensus on the fact that this Master Plan is outdated as the city’s population is already double of what was projected. Therefore, the Plan needs to be revised taking into account the present reality and projected needs of the city for the next 15- 20 years 23 . Master Plan as an obsolete administrative reference for spatial boundaries The expansion of Kabul city today is far removed from this outdated spatial administrative reference. Kabul was initially composed of sixteen administrative districts. Even if today the extra six new districts are supposed to be linked to administrative urban areas, they do not cover all of the existing urban settlements that can be considered to be part of Kabul. There is no consensus on the boundaries of the city. “As per the Kabul Master Plan-1978, Kabul city with an area of 33,240 hectares was designed for a population of 2 million to be reached in 2003. […] The boundary of Kabul city has increased to include 22 Districts spread over an area of about 95,000 hectares. The current population of the city is estimated to be about 4.00 million, which accounts for about half of the country’s total urban population” 24 , (an estimated 61% by the Strategy Development Team within the MoUDH). Comments This administrative overview on spatial representation references is important with respect to the impact that it has on the urban living conditions. Whole sectors of the urban population are excluded from urban administrative responsibilities In Kabul, like the other main Afghan cities, the problem is that urban administration does not tally with the urban physical reality. There is no link between urban administrative authorities, which work with administrative decisions made seventy years ago, and the physical urban territory, which is the urban reality of today. As a 22 Shadl M., “Historic notes on Kabul” in Development of Kabul - Reconstruction and planning issues, issued from the colloquium organised by MUNTAZ (B)-NOSHIS (K), Lausanne, 2004 23 Pathak P., “Planning Institutions, Roles and Recommendations for Kabul City”, Kabul, 2005 24 Pathak P., “Urban Policy, priorities and Recommendations for Kabul”, Kabul, 2006 Page 43
Page 1: LINKING RELIEF, REHABILITATION AND
Page 4 and 5: 5.2.3 Accelerate spatial expertise
Page 6 and 7: ACRONYMS AGCHO AIMS AKTC ANDS ARDS
Page 8 and 9: offers Kabul a dual outlook: on the
Page 10 and 11: urban and land property policy, whe
Page 12 and 13: upgraded infrastructure visible in
Page 14 and 15: 3 VISUAL APPROACH OF PHYSICAL SITUA
Page 16 and 17: 3.3 Urban fabric 1. Traditional his
Page 18 and 19: 3.5 Infrastructure issues & specifi
Page 20 and 21: 3.7 Different typologies of housing
Page 22 and 23: 3.9 Homeless Squats Figures 30 & 31
Page 24 and 25: 3.11 Construction Figures 39, 40 &
Page 26 and 27: 3.13 Urban expansion with ‘privat
Page 28 and 29: and sanitation, renovation of build
Page 30 and 31: Extract from Pathak, Kabul 2006,
Page 32 and 33: • Inadequate Municipal revenues a
Page 34 and 35: Need for Land Law Mac Auslan prepar
Page 36 and 37: • Application for the PRR Stage 2
Page 38 and 39: Protocol between MUDH and KM, Offic
Page 40 and 41: 4.4 Kabul urban policy issues accor
Page 42 and 43: • Strategic maps On the strategic
Page 46 and 47: consequence, a large proportion of
Page 48 and 49: Figure 47: Up-to-date aerial photos
Page 50 and 51: Figure 58: Project in Kabul 2003-07
Page 52 and 53: • City map on an urban scale Spat
Page 54 and 55: Map does not cover the whole city T
Page 56 and 57: Institutional authorities - MoUDH (
Page 58 and 59: Need for flexible urban plans The o
Page 60 and 61: the case of” Ghulam Jelani, now a
Page 62 and 63: 5.4.2 A geographical and cultural c
Page 64 and 65: Figure 10 Map 22 Airport Protected
Page 66 and 67: 6 URBAN MECHANISMS Various urban de
Page 68 and 69: 6.2 Different level of spatial reco
Page 70 and 71: Development issues Alternatively, K
Page 72 and 73: • The Study of the Kabul Metropol
Page 74 and 75: 7 CONCLUSION 7.1 Urban situation 7.
Page 76 and 77: development, such as density in som
Page 78 and 79: current level of expertise amongst
Page 80 and 81: PATHAK (P), 14 February 2006, “KM
Page 82 and 83: SOAVE (A)-AKTC, Lausanne 2004, “T

Kabul Urban Survey - Groupe URD

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