Gender in niGeria report 2012 - Economic Commission for Africa

Contents
FOREWORD.....................................................................................i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................iii
Key findings..........................................................................................iii
Recommendations................................................................................vii
1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................1
1.1 Why investing in women and girls matters in Nigeria..................................2
1.2 Variability, diversity and change: gender complexity in Nigeria......................2
1.3 Scope of the literature research............................................................3
1.4 Structure of the report.......................................................................3
2 the DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT............................................5
2.1 Demographics.................................................................................5
2.2 Ethnicity.........................................................................................5
2.3 Gender and demography in Nigeria.......................................................6
2.4 Dimensions of gender disparity in Nigeria...............................................6
3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY AND
INEQUALITY IN NIGERIA........................................................9
3.1 Rising national wealth and jobless growth...............................................9
3.2 A middle-income country where large numbers live in poverty................... 10
3.3 Nigeria’s declining social development index ranking............................... 11
3.4 Inequality and conflict: why inequality matters in Nigeria........................... 11
3.6 North-South divide in life chances....................................................... 12
3.7 Income disparities between and within income groups............................. 13
3.8 Income inequality and gender............................................................ 14
3.9 The gender pay gap: gender and income disparity since democratisation..... 14
4 WHAT CONSTRAINS WOMEN FROM MAKING A
LIVING IN NIGERIA?............................................................... 17
4.1 Women are under represented in formal sector employment..................... 17
4.2 Barriers to formal employment for women............................................ 19
4.3 Women lack access and entitlement to land.......................................... 20
4.4 Women in enterprise....................................................................... 21
4.5 Access to finance and fairer taxation................................................... 21
4.6 Three key livelihood issues faced by Nigerian women.............................. 22
Access to land.......................................................................... 22
Formal employment.................................................................... 22
Access to finance and taxation...................................................... 23
5 EDUCATION AND OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA.................. 25
5.1 Education, gender and empowerment in Nigeria.................................... 25
5.2 Education in Nigeria........................................................................ 26
5.3 Evolving education policies............................................................... 27