Intervention Principles and Practice Guidelines for - Underage ...

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Underage drinking is intertwined with the biological, psychological, and social factors at work during youth development. The use of alcohol and other drugs by individuals under 21 appears to have a greater effect on young people when compared with its effect on adults. Alcohol use among family members, peers, and neighbors also can influence young people to begin drinking at earlier ages. Inherited biological factors interact with environmental influences to determine physical growth and development of adolescents. Genetic makeup determines when glands and hormones trigger the Exhibit 1 The Biopsychosocial Process of Adolescent Development Social Context Peers Environment Family Individual Income Racism Sexism Classism Ageism School Employment Opportunities Social Structures Health Care Values & Religion Family Accord or Conflict Genetics Biology Nutrition Housing Social Welfare Laws & Policies Neighborhood Economic Conditions 100
Exhibit 2: Brain Basics Source: Gogtay et al. (2004) beginning of puberty, but external factors, such as nutrition, stress, and exercise levels, may also affect this internal timing device. A holistic view of adolescent development, such as that depicted by the ecological model in Exhibit 2, is important. It is important to understand the fundamentals of brain structure and functioning to recognize how alcohol affects the brain and, therefore, adolescent behavior and development. The brain continues to develop during adolescence. Brain structures and development affect the ability of young people to think and reason and their emotional responses to situations. Various factors influence a youth’s development and behavior. Those who work with youth must consider this array of factors, implement approaches that encourage positive development, and apply strategies to change inappropriate behavior. Thus, preventing or changing problem behaviors may require interventions at the family, neighborhood, community, and societal levels, in addition to interventions targeted to individuals. The human brain, which weighs about three pounds, contains more than 10 billion neurons and 100 billion other cells. It is the most complex part of the human body. The brain controls body movements and behavior in, interpret messages from the senses here, and is the seat of intellect (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, n.d.; Weinberger, Elvevag, & Giedd, 2005). 101
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Underage Drinking Intervention Prin
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Table of Contents, continued SECTIO
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Only in recent years has our societ
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section illustrates ways these prin
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• Research shows that the use of
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Other Health Problems Alcohol poiso
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Social and Emotional Consequences o
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SECTION II LEGAL ISSUES RELATED TO
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others, the right to freedom of spe
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Besides the two types of federal co
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SECTION III ASSUMPTIONS AND PRINCIP
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Preventing the onset of alcohol use
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the available resources in various
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Principle 6: Community corrections
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SECTION IV: CONTEXT FOR RESPONDING
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Exhibit IV-a Decisions in Underage
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Standards of Evidence-Based Practic
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SECTION V PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR R
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Jack and Jill are both detained by
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Exhibit V-c ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS I
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Additional screening instruments th
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There are myriad risk and needs ass
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Exhibit V-f Community Assessment Te
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Exhibit V-g Search Institute’s Fr
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Assessment What did you think your
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Exhibit V-i Risk Factors for Adoles
Page 54 and 55: Practice Guideline 5 Determine the
Page 56 and 57: Individual-Level Interventions Once
Page 58 and 59: Justice Institute, 2004). Cognitive
Page 60 and 61: Colleges and universities have a na
Page 62 and 63: develop social, academic, and vocat
Page 64 and 65: Case Study Jack Sample Case Plan Th
Page 66 and 67: Short-term goal 1: Begin outpatient
Page 68 and 69: Exhibit V-l Stages of Change Indica
Page 70 and 71: People are more likely to thrive an
Page 72 and 73: Exhibit V-m Elements of Effective A
Page 74 and 75: • Presence and severity of psycho
Page 76 and 77: Comprehensive, Integrated Treatment
Page 78 and 79: Because their reasons for using and
Page 80 and 81: The basic reality is that family me
Page 82 and 83: Probation officers, diversion staff
Page 84 and 85: Community corrections staff should
Page 86 and 87: may be sufficient just to determine
Page 88 and 89: Exhibit V-p Sanctions for Noncompli
Page 90 and 91: CONCLUSION In moving away from a on
Page 92 and 93: REFERENCES ACT for Youth (Upstate C
Page 94 and 95: Engs R. C., Diebold, B. A., & Hanse
Page 96 and 97: Mullins, T. G., & Toner, C. (2008).
Page 98 and 99: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Page 100 and 101: • Encouraging the state governmen
Page 102 and 103: parking, destruction of property, a
Page 106 and 107: Left Hemisphere Exhibit 3 Brain Str
Page 108 and 109: Source: http://www.mindcreators.com
Page 110 and 111: different neurons might be connecte
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