The Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage - Noel's ESL ...

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Page 4: The Cambridge Guide to Australian E
Page 10: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridg
Page 16: Preface to The Cambridge Guide to A
Page 22: Preface to the First Edition Functi
Page 28: Foreword to The Cambridge Australia
Page 32: Overview of Contents and How to Acc
Page 36: Overview of Contents and How to Acc
Page 42: a- But h has been an uncertain quan
Page 46: à deux with s as well. The Greek -
Page 50: abbreviations in referring to peopl
Page 54:
ABC The fourth option for punctuati
Page 58:
Aboriginal names In the past, a cur
Page 62:
abstract nouns much larger than usa
Page 66:
accusative Cowper and Jane Austen.
Page 70:
active voice Acronyms and initialis
Page 74:
ad personam the speaker may extempo
Page 78:
adjectives THE Adjectives are the s
Page 82:
adjoining or adjacent a lot of mone
Page 86:
adverse or averse 4 Position of adv
Page 90:
aeon or eon The use of the ae digra
Page 94:
ageing or aging When new words are
Page 98:
agreement The argument for ageism (
Page 102:
agreement tools and instruments be
Page 106:
ain’t while those from Latin end
Page 110:
all right or alright all right or a
Page 114:
alright or all right 2 The Cyrillic
Page 118:
alumni and alumnae alumni and alumn
Page 122:
American English The citizens of th
Page 126:
amid(st) or among(st) amid(st) or a
Page 130:
-ana Bostonian Brazilian Canadian C
Page 134:
-ancy/-ency which one to write? The
Page 138:
anemic or anaemic With three items,
Page 142:
antivenom, antivenin or antivenene
Page 146:
apostrophes The term apostrophe was
Page 150:
apostrophes 3 Apostrophes with name
Page 154:
apropos apropos This telescopes the
Page 158:
-arch/-archy -arch/-archy The suffi
Page 162:
-aroo -aroo This is one of the few
Page 166:
-ary/-ery/-ory has little but its c
Page 170:
aspect Australian usage, as in Asia
Page 174:
astrothe table itself. However squa
Page 178:
-ative Verbs in -ate provide a read
Page 182:
audiovisual and electronic media on
Page 186:
auntie or aunty auntie or aunty Bot
Page 190:
Australian Rules concentrates on Au
Page 194:
auxiliary verbs 1 The primary auxil
Page 198:
ayeoray aye or ay These two spellin
Page 202:
ackslash Most of the backformations
Page 206:
alk or baulk A grammarian would not
Page 210:
athos bath or shower for the purpos
Page 214:
eg the question beg the question Th
Page 218:
etter or bettor better or bettor Th
Page 222:
ias bias When bias becomes a verb,
Page 226:
icentennial or bicentenary In refe
Page 230:
imonthly international standards (A
Page 234:
lue blue For the spelling of blu(e)
Page 238:
Bosnia Herzegovina Day”) or a fig
Page 242:
ackets b) Square brackets [] are co
Page 246:
eathalyser or breathalyzer The verb
Page 250:
oach, breach or breech broach, brea
Page 254:
us bus Should it be buses, bused an
Page 258:
y, by-, bye- and bye By/bye also ap
Page 262:
cabanossi or kabanossi A similar Fr
Page 266:
caliber or calibre The other word c
Page 270:
canceled or cancelled American prac
Page 274:
capital or capitol capital or capit
Page 278:
capital letters b) Official titles
Page 282:
capital letters 2 When capitals dis
Page 286:
capsize type of coffee which was ne
Page 290:
castor or caster program etc., alth
Page 294:
cathode or kathode Grammar of Engli
Page 298:
-ce/-se In words like those, the e
Page 302:
cement or concrete Yet in the pre-C
Page 306:
c’est à dire with graduating. Bu
Page 310:
chamois, chammy or shammy chamois,
Page 314:
chiasmus In computer programming, c
Page 318:
chlorophyll or chlorophyl chlorophy
Page 322:
-ck/-cq strongly associated with a
Page 326:
clauses 3 In complex sentences the
Page 330:
clench or clinch Cleft sentences so
Page 334:
clinch or clench In argumentative w
Page 338:
codex codex For the plural of this
Page 342:
coliseum or colosseum coliseum or c
Page 346:
colloquialisms Collocations differ
Page 350:
combated or combatted Spain, he ado
Page 354:
commands 4 The disappearing comma
Page 358:
common gender that mutual was the o
Page 362:
complacent or complaisant record ne
Page 366:
composed (of) or comprise composed
Page 370:
concensus or consensus active with
Page 374:
conjunctions and conjuncts The weak
Page 378:
conjuncts ideas, and to choose conj
Page 382:
consistence or consistency His argu
Page 386:
contracontinuance of your salary),
Page 390:
contralto days often sought, in bus
Page 394:
corpus delicti two or more division
Page 398:
could of or could have about the li
Page 402:
coup de more important point to not
Page 406:
crematorium crematorium For the plu
Page 410:
-ctic/-xic Dictionary (1989), in sp
Page 414:
curb or kerb curb or kerb In Austra
Page 418:
cyder or cider, cipher or cypher th
Page 422:
D da, dal and dalla On whether to c
Page 426:
danse macabre danse macabre This ph
Page 430:
data Sydney-Hobart yacht race the A
Page 434:
dating systems as in the 1940s or i
Page 438:
daughter-in-law pronouns, adjective
Page 442:
de profundis de profundis See under
Page 446:
declension of a declarative sentenc
Page 450:
defective or deficient Deductive ar
Page 454:
demagogue or demagog Note also the
Page 458:
deprecate or depreciate deprecate o
Page 462:
determiners determiners In modern g
Page 466:
diad and diadic Note that dialogue
Page 470:
dies irae is used primarily in prop
Page 474:
dilettante The origin of the second
Page 478:
dismodality, and person.) Both chan
Page 482:
discreet or discrete apropos of ...
Page 486:
dispatch or despatch dispatch or de
Page 490:
distracted, distrait or distraught
Page 494:
-dom supported by a bottomless bank
Page 498:
doubling of final consonant In a tw
Page 502:
dramaturge or dramaturgist dramatur
Page 506:
dyad, diad or duad dyad, diad or du
Page 510:
-e Exceptions and variations to the
Page 514:
each is when the root word has only
Page 518:
echidna plural form current. But ma
Page 522:
edema or oedema alternative measure
Page 526:
eerie or eery Note that pioneer and
Page 530:
electric, electrical and electronic
Page 534:
ellipsis a) They took glasses from
Page 538:
elusive or allusive conjunction”,
Page 542:
( eminent or imminent This voluntar
Page 546:
en dash the -y suffix, which has in
Page 550:
English or Englishes thousand Anglo
Page 554:
enough meaning “heinous”, but t
Page 558:
epicene abusive name or word which
Page 562:
equaled or equalled The two words a
Page 566:
-er>-rdesignate a role rather than
Page 570:
-ese But not all -ee words are pass
Page 574:
essays cumbersome, and (2) leave no
Page 578:
ethnic be thought ignorant because
Page 582:
eulogy or elegy The euphonium also
Page 586:
-everorever But the scope of even i
Page 590:
ex silentio that authoritative seat
Page 594:
exclamations The extended role of e
Page 598:
expiry or expiration Expediency see
Page 602:
F f/ph The use of f or ph is fixed
Page 606:
faculty or facility and both once m
Page 610:
fallacies 2 Logical fallacies a) fa
Page 614:
fauna fauna See under flora. faute
Page 618:
feminine gender feminine gender See
Page 622:
feworafew and the Macquarie Diction
Page 626:
Filipino Australia as “a banana r
Page 630:
fiord or fjord Finite verbs can be
Page 634:
fjord or fiord fjord or fiord Austr
Page 638:
flaunt or flout mob “gang of thie
Page 642:
floruit regular English forms flora
Page 646:
foment or ferment folk etymology, a
Page 650:
forceful or forcible forces (flood
Page 654:
forms of address As the example sho
Page 658:
formula already acquainted, or if t
Page 662:
frenchification emphasise the absen
Page 666:
fulfill or fulfil fulfill or fulfil
Page 670:
further or farther, and furthest or
Page 674:
G gabardine or gaberdine Both spell
Page 678:
gas closest to the original Spanish
Page 682:
generalisations may be feminine in
Page 686:
genuflexion or genuflection No-one
Page 690:
geological eras foreign names that
Page 694:
get, got and gotten matters of styl
Page 698:
ghetto draught in the US, it has so
Page 702:
gobbledygook or gobbledegook One pa
Page 706:
goodwill or good will possible alte
Page 710:
grammar is in Italian (see further
Page 714:
Greek plurals culture of Greece, it
Page 718:
groveled or grovelled Note that som
Page 722:
gunyah gunyah This Aboriginal word
Page 726:
haemhaem- This prefix is discussed
Page 730:
half of bastard title. (See further
Page 734:
harakiri or harikari harakiri or ha
Page 738:
have In all of the foregoing phrase
Page 742:
he and/or she Alternatives to using
Page 746:
headings and subheadings In compute
Page 750:
helix The examples so far are all f
Page 754:
hence hence In abstract argument he
Page 758:
hiatus high-brow high-grade high-he
Page 762:
hodgepodge or hotchpotch This rathe
Page 766:
Homo sapiens homocyclic homodont ho
Page 770:
honorarium procedures; but it also
Page 774:
hoummos or hummus law. Hodgepodge g
Page 778:
humanity, humanism or humanitariani
Page 782:
hypercritical or hypocritical hyper
Page 786:
hyphens and adjectives, there are r
Page 790:
hypoi) those consisting of a simple
Page 794:
hypotaxis (See further under abstra
Page 798:
i before e So the reasons for using
Page 802:
ibex Baconiana: certain genuine rem
Page 806:
identical with or identical to of t
Page 810:
-ienne blowie “blowfly” blowy b
Page 814:
ignoratio elenchi amplify beautify
Page 818:
immigrant The word imaginary affirm
Page 822:
imperiled or imperilled many turns
Page 826:
in-/imin-/im- These two share the b
Page 830:
in situ The phrase was coined by Ho
Page 834:
indents fiction and nonfiction; and
Page 838:
Indian should enable the reader to
Page 842:
indirect speech indirect speech The
Page 846:
-ine/-in rhyme with “wine” or
Page 850:
inflammable or inflammatory Alongsi
Page 854:
information focus this, without und
Page 858:
ingenious or ingenuous -ation, -enc
Page 862:
inshrine or enshrine database of Br
Page 866:
instructive or instructional early
Page 870:
inter alia intercept interfere inte
Page 874:
International Phonetic Alphabet Yor
Page 878:
interrogative Shaped like a combina
Page 882:
inthrone or enthrone strip for “f
Page 886:
inverted commas clauses which expr
Page 890:
ipse dixit ipse dixit This Latin ph
Page 894:
irregular verbs The verb cost can a
Page 898:
irrelevance or irrelevancy The same
Page 902:
-ish advertise advise apprise chast
Page 906:
-ist The words Jew and Jewish seem
Page 910:
italics words is irrelevant to thei
Page 914:
-ite c) the names of ships, trains
Page 918:
-ity It’s is a contraction of it
Page 922:
J jackaroo or jackeroo This word’
Page 926:
jaw’s harp, jaws harp or Jew’s
Page 930:
jiujitsu or jujitsu be encouraged t
Page 934:
judicious or judicial whatever its
Page 938:
K k/c Many loanwords beginning with
Page 942:
key or quay just might be linked to
Page 946:
knifed or knived knifed or knived S
Page 950:
L -l/-ll The choice between one and
Page 954:
lady or woman The table was laden w
Page 958:
languid or languorous surveys 1998-
Page 962:
Latin America loc. cit. loco citato
Page 966:
lay-by lay-by In Australian usage,
Page 970:
legal, legalistic, legitimate or la
Page 974:
less or lesser capital letter remai
Page 978:
letters as words punctuation requir
Page 982:
licenser or licensor licenser or li
Page 986:
lightning or lightening lightning o
Page 990:
-like Note finally that unlike is e
Page 994:
liquify or liquefy This usage is be
Page 998:
lit or lighted Australia’s metrop
Page 1002:
locum tenens locum tenens This hand
Page 1006:
lubra because he needed them less o
Page 1010:
M Mac or Mc How do you write the na
Page 1014:
madam or madame Note that macro- us
Page 1018:
majuscule Dictionary (1989), it’s
Page 1022:
man businessman can be replaced by
Page 1026:
manifesto kleptomania megalomania p
Page 1030:
marquess or marquis marquess or mar
Page 1034:
mausoleum The tourists meandered th
Page 1038:
mea culpa substitution of I for me
Page 1042:
medium Some people take the word me
Page 1046:
memento the process of becoming liq
Page 1050:
metameta- Derived from Greek, this
Page 1054:
metre or meter space from the area
Page 1058:
metrication and the metric system i
Page 1062:
Micronesia Other new meanings have
Page 1066:
milliattested spelling variants in
Page 1070:
minority minority This word is a sl
Page 1074:
misinformation or disinformation It
Page 1078:
modality and modal verbs can could
Page 1082:
monarchal, monarchical, monarchic o
Page 1086:
mora Nowadays the usefulness of the
Page 1090:
Moslem Macquarie Dictionary (2005)
Page 1094:
mouthful mustaccio and the Spanish
Page 1098:
Muslim or Moslem Muslim or Moslem T
Page 1102:
N naive, naïve or naïf The second
Page 1106:
Nanking or Nanjing And in bibliogra
Page 1110:
NB We may wonder whether that label
Page 1114:
negatives In the first sentence nee
Page 1118:
neither neither This word plays sev
Page 1122:
-ness vowels, as with neo-impressio
Page 1126:
newspapers and news reporting barne
Page 1130:
noblesse oblige noblesse oblige Thi
Page 1134:
nonnon- Since the nineteenth centur
Page 1138:
nonfinite verbs The second sentence
Page 1142:
normalcy or normality There was not
Page 1146:
not un-/innot un-/in- Because they
Page 1150:
nouveau riche be unique names, even
Page 1154:
number prefixes The difference in g
Page 1158:
numbers and number style Nineteen l
Page 1162:
O O or Oh These exclamations have d
Page 1166:
obiit sine prole obiit sine prole S
Page 1170:
oblique line or stroke In the past
Page 1174:
oculist happens with other words in
Page 1178:
officialese as in official appearan
Page 1182:
omelet or omelette which perpetuate
Page 1186:
online, on-line or on line for the
Page 1190:
onward or onwards onward or onwards
Page 1194:
optician, optometrist, ophthalmolog
Page 1198:
-or/-our Using the gender-free thei
Page 1202:
ordinance or ordnance The major ord
Page 1206:
other’s or others’ The chief po
Page 1210:
outward or outwards The -ous corres
Page 1214:
OYO Describing such statements as
Page 1218:
paediatrics and paediatrician For a
Page 1222:
pallette pallet, palette or palate
Page 1226:
paradise amo “I love” amas “y
Page 1230:
parakeet, parrakeet or paroquet in
Page 1234:
parataxis parataxis This is an anot
Page 1238:
particles The two kinds of particip
Page 1242:
passive As a foreign word and/or as
Page 1246:
pathos the versatility of European
Page 1250:
pejorative and pejoration (1977) an
Page 1254:
percent and percentage Note that th
Page 1258:
permanence or permanency permanence
Page 1262:
personal or personnel Because it is
Page 1266:
perverse or perverted whatever is b
Page 1270:
phil- or -phile it. However researc
Page 1274:
phonograph or gramophone So phonest
Page 1278:
picketed picketed For the spelling
Page 1282:
plagiarism plagiarism is passing of
Page 1286:
plane or plain feminine. In English
Page 1290:
plink or plonk unkindest cut of all
Page 1294:
plus however strange this seems if
Page 1298:
political or politic Schools reopen
Page 1302:
portico the cowshed are one and the
Page 1306:
post hoc post hoc This Latin phrase
Page 1310:
pre- These complementary spellings
Page 1314:
predicate the subject and predicate
Page 1318:
prefixes (2002) places the foreword
Page 1322:
premise, premiss and premises premi
Page 1326:
prerequisite or perquisite sentence
Page 1330:
presumptuous or presumptive presump
Page 1334:
primary auxiliaries on the prima fa
Page 1338:
pro forma pro forma This Latin phra
Page 1342:
propellant or propellent level of s
Page 1346:
proscribe or prescribe proscribe or
Page 1350:
proved or proven primitive form of
Page 1354:
psychic or psychical psychic or psy
Page 1358:
pupa deodorant, and RAINDEERS for p
Page 1362:
Q qango or quango See quango. QANTA
Page 1366:
quandong and we might expect more i
Page 1370:
questions Question marks are occasi
Page 1374:
quintillion another, though Shakesp
Page 1378:
quotation marks as “scare quotes
Page 1382:
quotation marks “He’s coming!
Page 1386:
Quran or Koran Either the carrier s
Page 1390:
acket or racquet At best, such word
Page 1394:
arefy or rarify rarefy or rarify Se
Page 1398:
-re/-er is vital to identify the me
Page 1402:
ecalcitrance or recalcitrancy This
Page 1406:
eduplicatives reduplicatives Some E
Page 1410:
eferendum 3 Author-date references
Page 1414:
efurbish or refurnish refurbish or
Page 1418:
elative clauses Try deleting that i
Page 1422:
elayed or relaid Writers can also c
Page 1426:
epetition Repertory is simply a lat
Page 1430:
equiescat in pace within which the
Page 1434:
est or wrest rest or wrest See wres
Page 1438:
eversal or reversion In terms of fr
Page 1442:
hythmic or rhythmical material on e
Page 1446:
Right At the next intersection you
Page 1450:
Roman Catholic but in English it te
Page 1454:
oyal we except when quoting the ful
Page 1458:
-ry Compare: archery brewery butche
Page 1462:
’s c) -s has a role as a collecti
Page 1466:
sake Thomas Aquinas, Saint In other
Page 1470:
sanatorium or sanitarium It’s the
Page 1474:
scant or scanty and is a recognised
Page 1478:
scilicet band of tissue which links
Page 1482:
semi- Semiotics is concerned with s
Page 1486:
sentences of the citations in Webst
Page 1490:
sepulchre or sepulcher Note that se
Page 1494:
sewage or sewerage in Australian an
Page 1498:
shammy, chammy or chamois questions
Page 1502:
shew being a law-enforcement office
Page 1506:
should or would first person, and w
Page 1510:
SI units in comprehensive modern di
Page 1514:
simple or simplistic simple or simp
Page 1518:
sinus Sunk is the regular past part
Page 1522:
Slavic, Slavonic or Slavonian Slavi
Page 1526:
so figurative name, since as Schnor
Page 1530:
solidus solidus Editors worldwide k
Page 1534:
son et lumière sometime thing (193
Page 1538:
special pleading highlights their i
Page 1542:
spelling, rules and reform already
Page 1546:
spin spin From having three princip
Page 1550:
square metres or metres square squa
Page 1554:
standard units English is often inv
Page 1558:
statistics statistics For the choic
Page 1562:
stink Note that the plural of stimu
Page 1566:
streptococcus In American English t
Page 1570:
stylus Certain writing styles have
Page 1574:
subjective case In statements, a su
Page 1578:
substitute or replace is the common
Page 1582:
sui generis converts the noun hyphe
Page 1586:
supercede or supersede rails at ove
Page 1590:
susceptible to or susceptible of su
Page 1594:
swim swim The standard past tense o
Page 1598:
synecdoche synecdoche This is the c
Page 1602:
T t Two-syllable words ending in -t
Page 1606:
taboo words if there’s sufficient
Page 1610:
technologese technologese This word
Page 1614:
terminology must rest/write might r
Page 1618:
than breadth depth filth growth hea
Page 1622:
that Note that when thank you becom
Page 1626:
theatre or theater Information on m
Page 1630:
thereafter, thereby, therefor, ther
Page 1634:
this concerned were not politically
Page 1638:
through ground. It sometimes replac
Page 1642:
tilde tilde This accent is most fam
Page 1646:
titles that the first word must car
Page 1650:
toilet or toilette toilet or toilet
Page 1654:
topic sentences which can be develo
Page 1658:
toxemia or toxaemia and Moonee (Pon
Page 1662:
transcendent and transcendental tra
Page 1666:
transitive and intransitive transit
Page 1670:
trialed or trialled, trialing or tr
Page 1674:
truism However the Oxford Dictionar
Page 1678:
tyro or tiro first this word referr
Page 1682:
U-ey or U-ie social dialects are no
Page 1686:
umlaut Some words ending in -um alw
Page 1690:
understatement that underlay involv
Page 1694:
unlike The positive equivalents to
Page 1698:
USA or US 3 An even smaller group o
Page 1702:
utilise or use Yet for some writers
Page 1706:
vacuum emptiness to absence of mind
Page 1710:
variety in writing variety in writi
Page 1714:
verbal a noun phrase which is the s
Page 1718:
vertebrae italics, along with the n
Page 1722:
Vietnam z is the printer’s equiva
Page 1726:
vocal chords or vocal cords sentenc
Page 1730:
vs. or v. vs. orv. See under versus
Page 1734:
wait on or wait for wait on or wait
Page 1738:
warden or warder common practice is
Page 1742:
-ways or -wise in everyday communic
Page 1746:
welsh or welch with better/best w
Page 1750:
whatever or what ever it’s the on
Page 1754:
while or whilst Which is your car?
Page 1758:
who and whose who and whose Who wor
Page 1762:
Whorfian principle Within the Austr
Page 1766:
wisteria or wistaria These -wise wo
Page 1770:
woomera or womera the spelling wool
Page 1774:
World War such as cash register do
Page 1778:
wrung, wrang or wringed Wrongly onl
Page 1782:
Xian Xian See under China. -xic or
Page 1786:
-y>-ibon(e)y cag(e)y chanc(e)y cliq
Page 1790:
Yankee exudes from them, used as an
Page 1794:
Yogyakarta the citations, and does
Page 1798:
yuk and yukky yuk and yukky See und
Page 1802:
zero conjunction Where there is a c
Page 1808:
Appendix I International Phonetic A
Page 1812:
Appendixes Days of the week S 1 8 1
Page 1816:
Appendix IV International System of
Page 1820:
891
Page 1824:
Appendixes Imperial unit Symbol Con
Page 1828:
Appendixes Change to bold words to
Page 1832:
Appendixes 2 A more personal letter
Page 1836:
Appendix IX Formats for Email Email
Page 1840:
Federation of Australia 1900 World
Page 1846:
References Cambridge encyclopedia o
Page 1850:
References Peters, P. H. (1993a) Co
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