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St Francis Magazine Vol 8, No 4 | August 2012
This site is called Throne of Jamshid (Takht-e Jamshid). The fourth
king, Jamshid, improved civilization. Forbis quotes from Ferdowsi’s
Shahnama:
With the aid of the royal Farr, he fashioned a marvelous throne, which
at his bidding was lifted by demons into the air. He sat upon that
throne like the sun in the firmament. To celebrate, that day was called
a new day—the festival of Now-Ruz—the first day of the new year
(Forbis 1981, 23).
Forbis suggests that the tales of these mythical kings with their
heroic deeds and tragic failings, along with the Zoroastrian history
of Persepolis, melded in the creative consciousness of the Persian
people. An often repeated theme of Iran’s heroic tales is vengeance
for the unjust death of an Iranian king or warrior.
In attempting to understand the revolution of 1978-79, it helps, I think,
to know something of the heritage of heroic mythology that may have
been, subconsciously or not, on the minds of those rioters in the streets
(Forbis 1981, 22).
The Zoroastrian understanding of vengeance for the unjust
death of the Iranian king is one element that shapes the Iranian perception
and reaction to injustice.
The newly formed religion of Muhammad exploded into the Persian
Empire under the expansionist rightly guided caliph, Umar.
Persia and Byzantium were conquered by 652 A.D. At first the Arabs
did not press the Persians to become Muslims, but under the
heavy hand of the poll tax (jizyah) used to subjugate non-Muslims,
based upon Qur’anic Surah 9:29, Iranian Persians adopted Islam to
escape the poll tax levied on infidels (Forbis 1981, 31). Persian culture
and its centers of learning influenced the Islamic Empire into
its golden age (750-1258 AD) (Mackey 1996, 41).
Iranians eventually converted to Shi’ism as an integral part of
Iranian identity because it spoke to Persian culture and the Iranian
experience. Shi’ism, like Sunni Islam, shares common beliefs in the
Oneness of God, the prophethood of Muhammad, and the belief in
the resurrection. To this Shi'ite belief were added two others during
the lifetime of Imam Jaafar Ibn Muhammad (702-765 AD):
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