No. IV-18.4 - (IMD), Pune

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28 tilt usually towards a direction between south and west. such low pressure systems or the intensification of the seasonal low, the north— easterlies along the Tamil Nadu coast may strengthen and weather may begin. This is sometimes called
29 Arabian Sea extends upto 700 mb. Higher up, a broad easterly current prevails which increases in speed with height. As the seasonal trough shifts to the south of Lat. 8°N or so during the second half of the season and also gradually becomes less marked, a nearly zonal easterly flow prevails over South Bay, south Peninsula and south Arabian Sea. In this zonal flow, wave like perturbations may form and move from east to west. 12.2.13 The main difference between a low pressure area and a low pressure wave is, that in the low pressure area there is a complete cyclonic circulation, with west winds in the south, while a wave is a sinusoidal perturbation without any west winds in the south. The low pressure area is embedded in the seasonal eastwest oriented trough, while the wave is a perturbation in a deep zonal current. With these differences, it should, therefore, be possible to clearly differentiate between a low pressure area and a low pressure wave and use the appropriate terminology. 12.2.14 Even during the earlier part of the northeast monsoon season, as the upper air pattern above 700 mb is a deep zonal flow, wave motion is possible in the mid— and upper tropospheric easterlies. Such waves may be expected to be associated with low pressure areas in the surface chart and in the lower troposphere (i.e.) a surface and lower tropospheric low pressure area may extend as a wave trough in the mid—tropospheric levels. 12.3 East—west oriented trough across the Peninsula 12.3.1 The seasonal trough (in surface and upper air) passes across the south Peninsula during the month of October. By <strong>No</strong>vember, the trough line shifts well to the south and is over the extreme south Peninsula and Sri Lanka. By December, the trough shifts still further south and the air over the south Peninsula, except along the Tamil Nadu coast and extreme south Peninsula is mainly of continental origin. 12.3.2 The seasonal southward progression of the trough line across the Peninsula (with low pressure systems forming and moving westwards along the trough) agrees well with the mean rainfall distribution. In contrast to the seasonal trough over the northern India during the southwest monsoon where the
Page 2 and 3: FORECASTING MANUAL REPORTS Ho. 1-1
Page 4 and 5: Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Genera
Page 6 and 7: 2 1.3 In this report, we will deal
Page 8 and 9: 4 TABLE - I Mean Monthly, seasonal
Page 10 and 11: 6 iv)South Interior Mysore:— For
Page 12 and 13: 8 TABLE - II Division *Large excess
Page 14 and 15: 10 tions between 0300 and 0900 IST.
Page 16 and 17: temporarily shift north and come ov
Page 18 and 19: 14 Coastal Andhra Pradesh. 9.4 In a
Page 20 and 21: 16 The percentage frequencies of oc
Page 22 and 23: 11.2 Some details of the rainfall c
Page 24 and 25: ii) Depression and storms affect th
Page 26 and 27: 22 the incidence of storms in this
Page 28 and 29: 24 iv) Phenomenally heavy rains may
Page 30 and 31: 26 change chart or as a region of n
Page 34 and 35: 30 rainfall is mostly along and to
Page 36 and 37: 32 south Peninsula. Rainfall was ge
Page 38 and 39: 34 even after the storm had moved i
Page 40 and 41: south Orissa coasts where speeds re
Page 42 and 43: 38 useful indications to prognostic
Page 44 and 45: 40 15.5 The main features in this s
Page 46 and 47: 42 Port Blair and also in the press
Page 48 and 49: 44 marked in the moisture field. Th
Page 50 and 51: 46 cloud configuration in the APT p
Page 52 and 53: 48 though it was still widespread (
Page 54 and 55: 50 area) than in the surface isobar
Page 56 and 57: 52 between the moist easterlies and
Page 58 and 59: 54 i) During this period, the antic
Page 60 and 61: 56 REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGR
Page 62 and 63: 58 35. Raghavondra, V.K. and Rao, K
Page 64 and 65: 6"€. Venkiteshwaran, S.P. 1933: T
Page 66 and 67: FIG. 3.1 MEAN RAINFALL (Cm)
Page 68 and 69: FIG. 9.1 VERTICAL PROFILE OF MONTHL
Page 70 and 71: Fig. 10.2 Mean Tephigrams of Madras
Page 72 and 73: FIG. Il.l RAINFALL FOR 24 HRS. ENDI
Page 74 and 75: FIG. 12.1 TYPICAL DAY'S ISOHYETAL C
Page 77: FIG 13.2 UPPER WINDS 00 GMT 2 NOV.
Page 81: FIG. 13.6 UPPER WINDS 00 GMT 4 NOV.
Page 85:
FIG. 14-2 UPPER WINDS 0 0 GMT 5 NOV
Page 88:
FIG. 14.5 1200 GMT 6 NOV. 69 24 HR.
Page 92:
FIG. 14.10 UPPER WINDS 00 GMT 8 NOV
Page 96:
F1G.15. 4 UPPER WINDS 00 G M T 11 N
Page 99 and 100:
FIG. 15.7 SYNOPTIC CHARTS 0300 GMT
Page 102:
FIG. 16.2 UPPER WINDS OO GMT 7 OCT.
Page 107:
FIG. 16.7 UPPER WINDS 00 GMT 10 OCT
Page 110 and 111:
FIG. 16.10 TIME CROSS SECTION CHART
Page 113:
FIG. 17-2 UPPER WINDS 6 D E C . 7 1
Page 117:
FIG. 17-6 UPPER WINDS OO GMT 8 DEC.
Page 121:
FIG. 18-3 UPPER WINDS OOGMT 25 OCT.
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
FIG.195 SPACE CROSS-SECTION 9 N0V.
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
FIG. 19.9 TEPHIGRAM OF BANGALORE &
Page 132:
No. IV-13 Rainfall of India - P. Ja
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No. IV-18.4 - (IMD), Pune

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