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194 Lieutenant General Ulrich Wolf NATO AND CYBER-DEFENSE After Sep tem ber 11, nations and orga ni za tions seri ously began to con sider pro tect ing their crit i cal com mu ni ca tion and infor ma tion sys tems infra struc ture. NATO was one of them. In 2002, at the Prague Sum mit, our heads of state endorsed a for mal Cyber-Defense Pro gram. This three-phased pro gram aimed to field a more coor di nated and tech no log i cally mod ern defense of our net works and to fur ther expand capa bil i ties in sub se quent phases. The first phase, which has been com pleted, enabled NATO’s Com puter Inci dent Response capa bil ity and saw the instal la tion of intru sion detec tion sys tems on our networks. Then, in 2007, we wit nessed the dis trib uted denial of ser vice attacks against the com mu ni ca tion and infor ma tion sys tems infra struc ture of Esto nia, a NATO mem ber-nation. NATO nations needed to be assured that our net works would be suc cess fully defended in a sim i lar sit u a tion. So NCSA was tasked to con duct a secu rity assess ment of NATO’s infra struc ture. Our report was used as the basis for con tin u ing work in the area of NATO cyber-defense. In April 2008, the fol low ing state ment was included in the Bucha rest Sum mit Dec la ra tion, which was issued by the heads of state and gov ern ment par tic i pat ing in the meet ing of the North Atlan tic Coun cil: “NATO remains com mit ted to strength en ing key Alli ance infor ma tion sys tems against cyber-attacks. We have recently adopted a Pol icy on Cyber-Defense, and are devel op ing the struc tures and author i ties to carry it out. Our Pol icy on Cyber- Defense empha sizes the need for NATO and nations to pro tect key infor ma tion sys tems in accor dance with their respec tive respon si bil i ties; share best prac tices; and pro vide a capa bil ity to assist Allied nations, upon request, to coun ter a cyber- attack. We look for ward to con tin u ing the devel op ment of NATO’s cyber-defense capa bil i ties and strength en ing the link ages between NATO and national author i ties.” We real ize that our infra struc ture within NATO crosses tra di tional bound aries, and that what hap pens on one part of this linked net work can very quickly affect another, with poten tially cat a strophic results. So any true defense must involve all of the major NATO stake holders, from the polit i cal lead er ship to the military commands and the communication and information systems service provider. This new orga ni za tion is the NATO Cyber-Defense Man age ment Author ity (CDMA). The CDMA’s pri mary mis sion is to review and coor di nate NATO’s cyber-defense capa bil i ties, address ing in par tic u lar the cyber-threat to NATO, secu rity risk man age ment, vul ner a bil ity and assess ment and busi ness con ti nu - ity with respect to com mu ni ca tion and infor ma tion sys tems that are crit i cal to the func tion ing of the Alli - ance. The NATO CDMA has sole respon si bil ity to act as a NATO-wide cyber-defense man age ment author ity and to ini ti ate and coor di nate imme di ate and effec tive cyber-defense action where appro pri ate. For the first time, the Alli ance is address ing cyber-defense from a truly cor po rate per spec tive. But there is no sil ver-bul let solu tion to cyber-defense, and we real ize that there is no such thing as total secu rity. How ever, NATO’s work in mod ern iz ing its cyber-defense has been very suc cess ful so far, from the agree ments and endorse ments at the polit i cal level to the for ma tion of strong and coor di nated man - age ment struc tures through to the deploy ment of mod ern and effec tive oper a tional defenses. Much of this, par tic u larly at the front line of our cyber-defenses, has been achieved with the help of strong and effective partnerships with industry. Such part ner ships with our mem ber-nations’ cyber-defense capa bil i ties are key to suc cess ful defense. For many years, NATO has sur vived on the tenet of “col lec tive defense,” which has never been more nec es sary than in today’s glob ally con nected world. Coop er a tion and shar ing of infor ma tion is crit i cal for our col lec tive effort. Within the Alli ance, we strive to share infor ma tion and learn best prac tices from each other. It makes me very proud that many of our nations have con sulted my agency so that they can learn from and emu late our NATO Com puter Inci dent Response capa bil ity.
NATO and Cyber-Defense 195 CONCLUDING REMARKS To con clude, I would like to men tion another indi ca tion of NATO’s com mit ment to cyber- defense: The for ma tion of the Cen ter of Excel lence for Coop er a tive Cyber-Defense (COE-CCD) in Tallinn, Esto nia. The COE-CCD aims to fur ther enhance NATO’s cyber-defense capa bil i ties with its highly spe - cial ized staffs, all of whom are vol un tarily con trib uted by mem ber-states. I would also like to say that polit i cal inter est in cyber-defense was trig gered by Sep tem ber 11 and the events in Esto nia in 2007. But we need to keep this inter est alive in times with out a major cyber-attack. The dan ger to our soci et ies is too seri ous to leave it only in the hands of tech ni cal experts.
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Global Security In search of a New
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Table of Contents v Part Three Chap
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Table of Contents vii Chap ter 21.
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Table of Contents ix Chap ter 33. A
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Table of Contents xi CHANGES AND CH
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Contributors His Ex cel lency Jaak
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Contributors xv Ambassador Kirsti L
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Preface Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon
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Preface xix ma tion tech nol ogy, a
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Preface xxi Ing. Giovanni Bertolone
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Preface xxiii Mr. Dan iel Maly, Mic
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Preface xxv Rome’s largest surviv
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Workshop Chairman's Overview Dr. Ro
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4 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon part
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6 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon lenge
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8 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon Unre
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10 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon Defe
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12 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon Desp
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14 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon sel
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16 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon In a
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18 Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon
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20 Opening Dinner Debate Bosnia wer
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22 Opening Dinner Debate in-the ate
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24 Opening Dinner Debate Gen eral J
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26 Opening Dinner Debate have I don
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Chapter 1 Sharing Responsibility in
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Sharing Responsibility in Afghanist
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Chapter 2 Transforming NATO to Meet
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Transforming NATO to Meet the New G
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Transforming NATO to Meet the New G
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Chapter 3 Threats to the Black Sea
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Threats to the Black Sea Region and
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Chapter 4 From Shared Val ues and M
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From Shared Val ues and Mutual Inte
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Chapter 5 Key Address: The Search f
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Chapter 6 Opening Remarks: An Indus
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Part Two His Excel lency Giorgi Bar
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58 Georgian Vice Prime Minister Gio
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60 Georgian Vice Prime Minister Gio
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62 Ambassador Vladimir Chizhov Secu
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Chapter 9 Deal ing with Regions in
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Deal ing with Regions in Cri sis: T
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Chapter 10 Afghan i stan, Paki stan
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Afghan i stan, Paki stan, the U.S.,
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Chapter 11 A Look at the Cri sis Re
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A Look at the Cri sis Regions: Iraq
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Chapter 12 Georgia: International C
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Chapter 13 International Crises and
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Chapter 14 Russia's Support for NAT
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Chapter 15 An Over view of Regions
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An Over view of Regions in Cri sis:
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Part Four Dr. James Tegnelia Direct
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90 Dr. James Tegnelia, Defense Thea
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92 U.S. Under Secretary of State Jo
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98 Ambassador Robert Joseph ment bu
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100 Ambassador Robert Joseph with R
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102 Ambassador Grigory V. Berdennik
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104 Ambassador Grigory V. Berdennik
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106 Mr. Joseph Benkert THE NUCLEAR
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108 Mr. Joseph Benkert
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110 NATO Assis tant Sec re tary Gen
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116 Ambassador Jiri Šedivý NEW GL
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118 Ambassador Jiri Šedivý
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120 Ambassador Rogelio Pfirter The
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122 Ambassador Rogelio Pfirter IAEA
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Chapter 24 From the Balkans to Afgh
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From the Balkans to Afghanistan: De
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Chapter 25 Operations in Kosovo and
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Operations in Kosovo and the Balkan
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Chapter 26 Deal ing with Cri ses in
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Deal ing with Cri ses in Europe and
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Chapter 27 The Importance of Civil-
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Chapter 28 Deal ing with Cri ses in
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Deal ing with Cri ses in Iraq and t
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 29 Working with Internation
Page 171 and 172: Working with International Organiza
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 30 Crisis Management Air Ch
Page 175 and 176: Crisis Management 149 The other rea
Page 177: Part Six Mr. Alfred Volkman Office
Page 180 and 181: 154 Mr. Alfred Volkman warfighters
Page 182 and 183: 156 Major General Claudio Tozzi wil
Page 184 and 185: 158 Major General Claudio Tozzi
Page 186 and 187: 160 Mr. Thomas Homberg Defense inve
Page 188 and 189: 162 Mr. Thomas Homberg
Page 190 and 191: 164 Mr. Timothy Shephard Sub se que
Page 192 and 193: 166 Dr. Edgar Buckley Thales Raythe
Page 194 and 195: 168 Dr. Scott A. Har ris are still
Page 196 and 197: 170 Mr. Kent Schneider more broadly
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Page 200 and 201: 174 Mr. David Patterson rid of our
Page 202 and 203: 176 Mr. David Patterson
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 39 Vulnerabilities and Depe
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Page 209 and 210: Chapter 40 Cyber-Security as a Glob
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 41 Dealing with Cyber-Attac
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Page 219: Chapter 43 NATO and Cyber-Defense L
Page 223: Part Eight Vice Admi ral Ferdinando
Page 226 and 227: 200 Vice Admi ral Sanfelice di Mont
Page 228 and 229: 202 Vice Admi ral Sanfelice di Mont
Page 230 and 231: 204 Ambassador Kirsti Lintonen refo
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Page 234 and 235: 208 Dr. Stefano Silvestri PREPARING
Page 236 and 237: 210 Ambassador Youcef Yousfi attack
Page 238 and 239: 212 Ambassador Mahmoud Karem NATO s
Page 240 and 241: 214 Ambassador Mahmoud Karem
Page 242 and 243: 216 Ambassador Borys Tarasyuk new m
Page 244 and 245: 218 DSACT Admi ral Luciano Zappata
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