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3.5 AXLR8 Scientific Panel Recommendations for Future EU Research & Innovation Funding 350
The workshop concluded with an in camera (closed) meeting of the AXLR8 Scientific Panel aimed at refining a strategy and roadmap for future EU research in this area, with a clear focus on advancing the ‘Europe 2020’ goals of addressing major societal challenges through high-impact, results-driven research and robust integration of key technologies in the field of health (and environmental) protection. There was a general view within and among breakout groups that limitations intrinsic to conventional high-dose in vivo studies limit their relevance and utility as tools for modern safety assessments aimed at protecting and improving human health (e.g., in relation to nanomaterials, endocrine disrupters, and environmental chemicals), and that the way forward requires a shift towards a pathway-based paradigm for safety assessment. In particular, assessment of a substance’s toxic ‘mode of action’ is considered by the AXLR8 Scientific Panel and other authorities to be a cornerstone of ‘21 st century’ safety assessment. Development of a robust understanding of the networks of biological pathways—many of which are not yet described in full—and key events associated with chemical toxicity can feed back into the innovation cycle to support ‘greener’, biocompatible chemistries, and can contribute to the study and treatment of human diseases 1 , guiding research on fundamental biology and feeding into the product innovation cycle. By focusing on priority diseases with integration of human patient data, biomonitoring of healthy and diseased populations, and other modern exposure assessment tools, it should be possible to better understand population diversity and susceptibility, and perhaps achieve a closer alignment between human health and environmental risk assessments. Opportunities for synergistic partnerships between EU projects with high-impact initiatives such as Germany’s Virtual Liver project, the Japanese METI-NEDO High Throughput Assay Systems project and the US Virtual Embryo, Tox21, and NexGen programmes were noted. 1 Gohlke JM, Thomas R, Zhang Y, et al. Genetic and environmental pathways to complex diseases. BMC Syst Biol. 2009; 3, 46-61. AXLR8-2 WORKSHOP REPORT Progress Report 2011 & AXLR8-2 Workshop Report 351
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ALTERNATIVE TESTING STRATEGIES PROG
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ALTERNATIVE TESTING STRATEGIES PROG
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. EXECUTIVE S
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Update on EPA’s ToxCast Programme
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challenges, needs, and priorities f
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1INTRODUCTION It is the aim of the
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and progress of these multidiscipli
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Table 2. Members of the AXLR8 Scien
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• OECD Joint Meeting Special Sess
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ACuteTox Optimisation & Pre-Validat
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to robotic screening platforms; and
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ased on functional parameters inclu
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Table 1. Outliers identified by com
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showed that for some compounds the
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Computer-based prediction of metabo
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three reference compounds revealed
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a calibration curve constructed. Th
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cell lines) or 48 hours (A704 cells
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multivariate CART results did not c
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probability) ~50% of the substances
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Publications 2010-11 Hoffmann S, Ki
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Per Artursson Uppsala University Up
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their genotoxic and carcinogenic po
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Table 1. Overview of carcinoGENOMIC
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D12.23 3 monthly Project M42 √ Bo
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annual carcinoGENOMICS meeting in N
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M3.5 Decision of most M40 Postponed
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M3.4 Identification of most suitabl
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WP1 with input from other partners
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Partners Project Co-ordinator Jos K
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combine knowledge of critical proce
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defined and published in the form o
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WP6 is devoted to the setup of a so
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Partners Co-ordinator Bart van der
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obustness, comparing results obtain
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6. Candéias S, Pons B, Viau M, et
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ESNATS Embryonic Stem Cell-Based No
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Table 1. List of deliverables due i
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D3.3.1 Toxicity gene expression sig
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Table 2. List of milestones due in
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Table 3. Test systems corresponding
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Publications 2010-11 1. Peters SJ,
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Marcel Leist Universität Konstanz
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The most significant achievements o
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Figure 3. The Sensor Dish Reader (S
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LIINTOP Optimisation of Liver & Int
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cells express most of the functions
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Figure 3. Scheme of lentivirus gene
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Figure 5. Co-culture set-up. Functi
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Figure 9. Phalloidin-TRITC staining
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Table 1. Values are expressed as pe
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formed with mannitol, atenolol, pro
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Figure 14. Comparison of Digoxin an
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By using the new technology of HCA
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Figure 17. (Left panel) Phalloidin-
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limited amount of data could be pro
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André Guillouzo Institut National
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Objectives The overall aim of this
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Table 2: Milestones achieved in 201
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detected iron (µg/ml) 80 70 6
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in the following order: uncoated ma
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analysis of leukocytes, expression
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2011 the automated protocols will b
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OpenTox Promotion, Development, Acc
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Results The OpenTox Framework The O
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Figure 1. ToxPredict: OpenTox Appli
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scientifically sound manner, so as
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Figure 4. Creating a QPRF report wi
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Figure 7. MaxTox model-building app
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Figure 8. Bioclipse interaction wit
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and model predictions, which they m
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Publications 2010-11 1. Hardy B, Do
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In vitro toxicology using isolated
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(2C-Glo-CYP2C, 3A-Glo-CYP3A) while
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neuronal models 2D (primary culture
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10 and 14 days. The liver-specific
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Frédéric Bois Institut National d
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Figure 1. The Sens-it-iv sphere. 2.
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Figure 2. The updated modular struc
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Technology Module The aim of techno
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Table 1: The final compound list. R
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Table 2. The Sens-it-iv Toolbox. N
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Figure 4. A gene profile for identi
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Figure 7. In vitro T cell priming a
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sessions at congress and meetings (
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7. Gibbs S, van Montfrans C, Kroeze
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vitro assessment of allergens. Eds:
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S.F. Martin Universitätsklinikum F
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idging the gap to human volunteer s
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combinations of transcriptomics, me
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normal animals who usually exhibit
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Workshop proposals Concepts of data
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VITROCELLOMICS Reducing Animal Expe
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esulting of the project was the abi
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Figure 3. Four-compartment artifici
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embryonic stem cells differentiatin
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196 3AXLR8-2 WORKSHOP REPORT
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Workshop participants were divided
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08.45 - 09.15 ACuteTox Annette Kopp
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3.3 Workshop Presentations 202
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Table 1. A sampling of current toxi
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Table 2. EPA activities: a timeline
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Why is a Consortium Needed While th
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the development of new more relevan
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in particular for fundamental resea
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compared to controls. Most interest
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epidermis to known allergens and UV
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The Virtual Liver Spatial-Temporal
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A B C D E Figure 2. Tissue reconstr
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Figure 4. Mechanisms of how hepatoc
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in rat liver in vivo (Figure 5A). H
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The IMI eTOX Project Efforts to Dev
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deliverables, which can only be ach
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A series of publications related to
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Update on EPA’s ToxCast Programme
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Phase I of ToxCast involved the eva
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Endpoint Brief Description of Bioac
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includes approximately 150 chemical
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information. For each slice, distan
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Judson RS, Houck KA, Kavlock RJ, et
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Embryonic Stem Cell Approaches Towa
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perhaps be tested efficiently in al
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compared gene and protein expressio
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cost and time, allowing more chemic
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Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011; 251,
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functions, establish relationships
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cellular behaviours are captured fr
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assay. PLoS One. 2011; 6, e18540. 7
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learning algorithm called Support V
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Compound Potency Vehicle Concentrat
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mediated inhibition of RXR function
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References Basketter DA, Evans P, F
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When considering consumer exposure,
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in the induction of skin sensitisat
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has reacted, when the peptide deple
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of presentations and discussions, t
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Contact Dermatitis. 2005; 53. 16. S
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the development of in vitro assays.
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Although the mechanisms underlying
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skin sensitisation, it will aid in
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Figure 3. Scatter plot of robust li
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7. De Smedt A, Van Den Heuvel R, Va
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The OECD Adverse Outcome Pathway Ap
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the AOP can be used in qualitative
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Table 1. Summary of the experimenta
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the significance of type 1 versus t
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plus the key events that occur acro
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Dimitrov, S.D., Low, L.K., Patlewic
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Page 338 and 339: 3.4.3. Break-Out Group 2: Reproduct
Page 340 and 341: - Deep-sequencing of birth defect p
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Page 346 and 347: for further progress. Better tools
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Page 352 and 353: Workshop participants underlined th
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Page 358 and 359: Directory of Projects & Co-ordinato
Page 360 and 361: Glossary of Terms 2D/3D 3Rs CARDAM/
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