strategies to counter opiate in Afghanistan - Groupe URD

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ecological conditions as well as the economic and social context. No one crop can be an alternative for all the farmers and households who make a living from the cultivation of opium poppy, but it can be for some. Substitution crops can only contribute to the reduction of opium poppy cultivation as part of broader development programmes. This is what “alternative development” and “alternative livelihoods” programmes attempt to do. 4.2 …to “alternative livelihoods” programmes… 4.2.1 Three alternative livelihoods programmes Certain donors, including the European Union, the United States and the United Kingdom, have financed “alternative livelihoods” programmes. These programmes include a wide range of activities such as support to local government institutions, the development of agricultural sectors and income-generating activities and the rehabilitation of infrastructure (irrigation systems, roads). The characteristics of three programmes of this kind are summarized in table 5. This is not an exhaustive list. The choice was made to analyse programmes presented as alternative livelihoods programmes implemented between 2004 and 2009 and for which activity and evaluation reports are available. For example, USAID’s portfolio on Alternative Development includes other programmes than those presented below 16 . An analysis of the results available and the potential impact is presented below. This analysis was limited by the difficulty of gaining access to the final evaluation reports 17 . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 3 ongoing programmes (Afghanistan Water, Agriculture and Technology Transfer Project (AWATT), Alternative Development Program - Southwestern Region (ADP/SW), Incentives Driving Economic Alternatives - North, East, West (IDEA-NEW)) and 14 completed programmes. 17 An evaluation of USAID’s Alternative Development programmes was carried out in early 2010. The report is currently being written. It is not certain that it will be available to the public. GTZ-IS supplied the research team with summaries of its own evaluation reports. It was not possible to obtain the evaluation report commissioned by the European Union. 42
Table 5. Principal characteristics of three “alternative livelihoods” programmes (PAL, ADP, AALP) Name Project for Alternative Livelihoods in Eastern Afghanistan - PAL Alternative Development Programme - ADP (split into 3 programmes ADP/E in the East, ADP/N in the North and ADP/S in the South) AALP - Agricultural Alternative Livelihoods Program Donors European Union USAID DFID Programme manager GTZ - International Services Padco (ADP/N), DAI (ADP/E), Chemonics FAO Intl. (ADP/S) et ARD (ADP/SW) Funding ($) 20 500 000 € ADP/S : 121 143 000 US$ 6 831 748 US$ (3,75 million £) Implementation dates March 2004 - December 2009 ADP/N : February 2005 - February 2009 September 2004 - 28 February 2007 ADP/E : February 2005 - June 2009 ADP/S : February 2005 - September 2009 Targeted provinces 20 districts in Nangarhar, Laghman and Kunar ADP/N: Badakhshan, Takhar ADP/E : Nangarhar, Laghman, Kunar and Nuristan ADP/S: Helmand, Kandahar and Uruzgan Overall objective Impact: Poverty and opium poppy cultivation are sustainably reduced in three provinces of Afghanistan. ADP/E : accelerate global economic development sustainably in the Eastern region Specific objective Objective: Increase support provided and adoption of alternative livelihoods in 3 provinces of Aghanistan. 1. The government administration fulfils its mandate in terms of rural development 2. Provide community organisations with assistance to develop alternative livelihoods 3. Set up local infrastructure 4. Manage and share lessons learned from the project ADP/E: 1. Support the development of a licit economy 2. Help provide alternative livelihoods to households whose subsistence depends, either directly or indirectly, on the opium economy. Overall objective: Contribute to the sustainable elimination of illicit opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan by 2013, in keeping with the National Drug Control Strategy Goal: Contribute to the national anti-drug policy by developing viable alternative livelihoods and improving access to income-generating activities 1. Research, assessment and analysis 2. Capacity building at the community level 3. Capacity building at the national, provincial and district levels 4. Implement pilot livelihood projects 5. Coordinate and share information 6. Provide support in drawing up strategies and policies
Page 1 and 2: STRATEGIES TO COUNTER OPIATE PRODUC
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. INT
Page 5 and 6: ACRONYMS ADP Alternative Developmen
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Almost ten years
Page 9 and 10: have had a long-term impact on opiu
Page 11 and 12: poppy cultivation in a sustainable
Page 13: 11. It is important to improve the
Page 17 and 18: 2. Object, methodology and limits o
Page 19 and 20: 3. Opium in Afghanistan 3.1 The hug
Page 21 and 22: Figure 3. Distribution of opium cul
Page 23 and 24: governor and they had been impoveri
Page 25 and 26: hand, the decision not to cultivate
Page 27 and 28: • The production of opium in othe
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. Factors which influence th
Page 31 and 32: Table 2 presents the four prioritie
Page 33 and 34: 4. Opium poppies and development De
Page 35 and 36: 4.1.1 Poor competitivity of alterna
Page 37 and 38: Profit margin per hectare Ease of s
Page 39 and 40: 4.1.2 Difficulties in establishing
Page 41: Box 2. “Roses for Nangarhar” an
Page 45 and 46: It is also important to note that m
Page 47 and 48: eing given to agricultural programm
Page 49 and 50: implementation and involving both t
Page 51 and 52: Development Bank because it was too
Page 53 and 54: The creation of jobs in non-produci
Page 55 and 56: As very little progress has been ma
Page 57 and 58: Box 3. An attempt to analyse the re
Page 59: full use. Though the question of la
Page 62 and 63: Eradication was the subject of deba
Page 64 and 65: 5.2 Interdiction and repression 5.2
Page 66 and 67: 5.2.3 Criminal Justice The objectiv
Page 68 and 69: However, these operations often hav
Page 70 and 71: Box 5. The Harm reduction program f
Page 72 and 73: Helmand, which was developed by the
Page 75: 6. Conclusion Considerable effort h
Page 78 and 79: political stability is a pre-requis
Page 80 and 81: deployment capacity of existing cre
Page 82 and 83: COUNTER-NARCOTICS TRUST FUND (CNTF)
Page 84 and 85: MANSFIELD, D. Water management, liv
Page 86 and 87: KARZAI, H. Stabilizing Afghanistan:
Page 88 and 89: Annex 3: Opium poppy cultivation in
Page 90 and 91: Opium poppy has been cultivated in
Page 92 and 93:
Annex 4: Typology of opium-producin
Page 96:
Groupe URD La Fontaine des Marins 2
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