Fluid balance and electrolyte distribution in human body.
Fluid balance and electrolyte distribution in human body.
Fluid balance and electrolyte distribution in human body.
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Electrolytes<br />
• Magnesium (Mg 2+ )<br />
– 2 nd most abundant <strong>in</strong>tracellular <strong>electrolyte</strong>, 0.8-1.3 mmol/L <strong>in</strong> plasma<br />
• more than half is stored <strong>in</strong> bone, most of the rest <strong>in</strong> ICF<br />
(cytoplasm)<br />
• important enzyme cofactor; <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> neuromuscular activity,<br />
nerve transmission <strong>in</strong> CNS, <strong>and</strong> myocardial function<strong>in</strong>g<br />
– Homeostatic im<strong>balance</strong><br />
• Hypomagnesemia - Associated with hypocalcemia <strong>and</strong><br />
hypokalemia, Neuromuscular irritability,Tetany, Convulsions,<br />
Hyperactive reflexes vomit<strong>in</strong>g, cardiac arrhythmias<br />
• Hypermagnesemia - Muscle weakness, Hypotension,<br />
Respiratory depression, Lethargy, drows<strong>in</strong>ess, Bradycardia<br />
Acid-Base Balance<br />
• Normal metabolism produces H + (acidity)<br />
• Three Homeostatic mechanisms:<br />
– Buffer systems - <strong>in</strong>stantaneous; temporary<br />
– Exhalation of CO 2 - operates with<strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>utes; cannot<br />
completely correct serious im<strong>balance</strong>s<br />
– Kidney excretion - can completely correct any im<strong>balance</strong><br />
(eventually)<br />
• Buffer Systems<br />
– Consists of a weak acid <strong>and</strong> the salt of that acid which<br />
functions as a weak base
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