Fluid balance and electrolyte distribution in human body.
Fluid balance and electrolyte distribution in human body.
Fluid balance and electrolyte distribution in human body.
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• Acidosis<br />
– High blood [H + ]<br />
– Low blood pH, 7.45<br />
Acid-Base Im<strong>balance</strong>s<br />
• Acid-Base im<strong>balance</strong>s may be due to problems with ventilation or due to a<br />
variety of metabolic problems<br />
– Respiratory Acidosis (pCO 2<br />
> 45 mm Hg)<br />
– Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO 2<br />
< 35 mm Hg)<br />
– Metabolic Acidosis (HCO 3-<br />
< 23 mmol/l)<br />
– Metabolic Alkalosis (HCO 3-<br />
> 26 mmol/l)<br />
• Compensation: the physiological response to an acid-base im<strong>balance</strong><br />
beg<strong>in</strong>s with adjustments by the system less <strong>in</strong>volved<br />
Causes of Acid-Base Im<strong>balance</strong>s<br />
• Respiratory Acidosis<br />
– Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases e.g., emphysema,<br />
pulmonary fibrosis<br />
– Pneumonia<br />
• Respiratory Alkalosis<br />
– Hysteria<br />
– Fever<br />
– Asthma
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