Help-Seeking Pathways and Barriers for ... - EngenderHealth

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Civil society organizations The key barriers to help-seeking that emerged with regards to CSOs were related to concerns over quality of care and the availability of appropriate services. Drop-in centers and shelters in particular were variously criticized, on the one hand, for violating cultural norms by sheltering women and children, and, on the other hand, for not accepting survivors on an emergency basis, as described in the two quotes below. Many NGOs do not have professionals, and if they do have [them], they are inexperienced in a way that may cause conflicts with the community. For example, one (drop-in center)…they take in a wife and children and stay with them for ten days. This causes conflicts with a husband. Service Provider, Iringa We ask them [survivors] to go to sleep at a relative’s place until the day when going to the [NGO] arrives, because they also have their own procedures…You cannot just call [the NGO] and inform them that you will be going tomorrow, her own bed and food must be prepared. Service Provider, Dar es Salaam CSOs that focus on GBV may not be available, especially in rural areas. Moreover, many well-known organizations are faith-based and exclude women belonging to different religions. As explained by an FBO staff member: The marriage we recognize is the one that has been conducted in accordance with religious principles. But a person living with a woman for say 30 years, even if they have 50 children, we do not receive such a couple, we refer them to social welfare where they are listened to. Service Provider, Iringa In sum, the research reveals a large number of socio-cultural and structural barriers that prevent women from seeking support when they experience GBV as well as from receiving appropriate services and care if they do. These barriers are derived in part from powerful social norms and injunctions against discussing what is viewed as a private matter with people outside of the relationship and from an infrastructure and network of care that does not prioritize women’s holistic needs or their rights. Help-Seeking Pathways and Barriers for Survivors of GBV in Tanzania March 2013 Page 53
Part IV: Recommendations The study identified a number of critical gaps in service provision to women who have experienced gender-based violence. These gaps were found across geographic sites but barriers to help-seeking and access to care were especially prevalent in the rural sites and locations outside of Dar es Salaam. The recommendations presented below are drawn from participants’ suggestions as well as the results of the data analysis. These recommendations reflect the highest priority gaps and proposed responses from study participants and the research team. While the present study did not focus explicitly on prevention, several of the recommendations for improving the response to gender-based violence—if implemented effectively—will strengthen Tanzania’s efforts to eliminate GBV. A. Address Socio-Cultural Barriers to Help-Seeking by Survivors of GBV Key findings from this study cast light on the many social and gender norms that influence and reinforce the practice of multiple forms of violence against women. Therefore, as the Government of Tanzania and PEPFAR implementing partners move their GBV programming forward, the strategic inclusion of targeted awareness raising and community mobilization initiatives is strongly recommended. These efforts would aim to overcome the most prominent socio-cultural barriers that constrain women from seeking help by addressing common attitudes and norms about GBV among community members. These socio-cultural influences are likely to differ across communities, so formative research tailored to each target location is advised to inform the design and roll-out of initiatives. However, based on the results of the present study, messaging for women, men, and the general community will need to emphasize that: 1. Violence is a violation of rights and a misuse of power [Example of SASA approach 26 ]; 2. Neither physical nor sexual violence should be tolerated or accepted, even within relationships [Example of CHAMPION campaigns 27 ]; 3. Women who experience violence should not be blamed or stigmatized, but supported; 4. Family members, community members, bystanders, and other members of the social network should speak out against gender-based violence, encourage help-seeking by survivors, and demand that perpetrators of violence are held accountable for their actions; and 5. Services and support are available in many areas and from different types of providers. With respect to the final suggestion above, it would be critical for service providers (as individual institutions and/or as a group or coalition)—where they exist—to increase the awareness of the support that they offer by advertising more broadly and in more widely accessible media. This would raise awareness among potential help seekers, the community 26 http://www.raisingvoices.org/sasa/index.php 27 http://www.engenderhealth.org/our-work/major-projects/champion.php Help-Seeking Pathways and Barriers for Survivors of GBV in Tanzania March 2013 Page 54
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Help-Seeking Pathways and Barriers
Page 4 and 5: Acknowledgments The authors would l
Page 6 and 7: List of Abbreviations AIDS Acquired
Page 8 and 9: included rape by a stranger, the th
Page 10 and 11: Address structural barriers to help
Page 12 and 13: The Channeling Men’s Positive Inv
Page 14 and 15: have received $21 million, with the
Page 16 and 17: directory of service providers comp
Page 18 and 19: Part III: Results A. Community Perc
Page 20 and 21: In our area I have seen problems an
Page 22 and 23: Being humiliated in public Insults,
Page 24 and 25: 4. Differences in Participants’ P
Page 26 and 27: B. Existing Services and Sources of
Page 28 and 29: Table 2: LGA Service Providers Leve
Page 30 and 31: the police department piloted Gende
Page 32 and 33: C. Pathways of Help-Seeking Given t
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2: Map Drawn by Participants
Page 36 and 37: Local leaders serve as gatekeepers
Page 38 and 39: It is not very often [to seek legal
Page 40 and 41: D. Barriers to Help-Seeking The cir
Page 42 and 43: 1. Common Socio-Cultural Barriers P
Page 44 and 45: Fear of being blamed for reported r
Page 46 and 47: 2. Common Structural Barriers Gende
Page 48 and 49: When I took my form [PF3] to the ho
Page 50 and 51: 3. Barriers to Specific Types of Su
Page 52 and 53: Corruption was once again cited as
Page 56 and 57: at large, and (potential) perpetrat
Page 58 and 59: efforts might be grounded in struct
Page 60 and 61: E. Increase Access to Justice for S
Page 62 and 63: Part V: Conclusion The results from
Page 64 and 65: Annex 2: Key Informant Interview Gu
Page 66 and 67: 1. How do these requests differ by
Page 68 and 69: Annex 3: Key Informant Interview Gu
Page 70 and 71: 4. Multi-sectoral coordination a. H
Page 72 and 73: Introduction (10 minutes) 1. Introd
Page 74 and 75: 3. Perceived barriers to accessing
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