Rebuilding Lives. Strengthening Communities.

Introduction (cont.)
22
Long, Ray and Christi Parsons, “Budget Buzzer Beater; State Democrats Push Plan Through; GOP Complains it is Full of Pork for
Chicago,” Chicago Tribune, June 1, 2005.
23
Street, Paul, “The Vicious Circle: Race, Prison, Jobs, and Community in Chicago, Illinois, and the Nation,” (Chicago, IL: Chicago
Urban League, 2002), http://www.cul-chicago.org/72329633112722/lib/72329633112722/the%20vicious%20circle.pdf (accessed
December 1, 2005), 3.
24
Corrections represented 5.2% of Illinois’ FY 2005 General Revenue Fund. Office of Management and Budget, “Illinois State Budget
Book Fiscal Year 2006,” http://www.state.il.us/budget/FY06%20Budget%20Book.pdf (accessed July 7, 2005), 1-8.
25
Butterfield, Fox, “Effect of Prison Building on Crime is Weighed,” New York Times, Sept 28, 2000. See also Jacobson, Michael,
Downsizing Prisons: How to Reduce Crime and End Mass Incarceration (New York, NY: New York University Press, 2005).
26
Travis, Jeremy, Amy Solomon and Michelle Waul, From Prison to Home: The Dimensions and Consequences of Prisoner Reentry
(Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute, 2001), http://www.csosa.gov/Olipa/newsinterest/prison_to_home.pdf (accessed June 16, 2005), 6.
27
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Recidivism,” Reentry Trends in the United States,
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/reentry/recidivism.htm (accessed June 16, 2005).
28
La Vigne, Nancy G. and Cynthia A. Mamalian, “A Portrait of Prisoner Reentry in Illinois” (Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute,
2003), 50-51.
29
Mumola, Christopher, “Incarcerated Children and Their Parents,” Special Report (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000), 7.
30
Travis, Jeremy, Elizabeth M. Cincotta, and Amy L. Solomon, Families Left Behind: The Hidden Costs of Incarceration and Reentry
(Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute, 2003), http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/310882_families_left_behind.pdf (accessed June 7,
2005), 2.
31
Travis, Jeremy and Michelle Waul, “Prisoners Once Removed: The Children and Family of Prisoners,” in Prisoners Once Removed: The
Impact of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families and Communities, ed. Jeremy Travis and Michelle Waul,
http://www.urban.org/pubs/prisoners/chapter1.html (accessed June 16, 2005).
32
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Demographic Trends of Correctional Population by Gender,”
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/cpgendtab.htm (accessed July 1, 2005).
33
Senate Report 106-404: Departments of Commerce, Justice and the State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriation Bill, 2001,
U.S. Senate. September 8, 2000, indicates that “children of prisoners are six times more likely than other children to be incarcerated at
some point in their lives.” Quoted in “Services for Families of Prison Inmates,” Special Issues in Corrections, U.S. Department of
Justice, National Institute of Corrections (February 2002) http://www.nicic.org/pubs/2002/017272.pdf (accessed November 5, 2005), 3.
34
Harrison, Paige and Allen Beck, “Prisoners in 2004” (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005),
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p04.pdf (accessed November 11, 2005), Table 10.
35
Harrison, Paige and Allen Beck, “Prisoners in 2004” (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005), Table 11,
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p04.pdf (accessed November 11, 2005). Some scholars and commentators argue that there is a
simple explanation for these statistics: African Americans commit more crimes. But even if that were true, it would not explain the
serious degree of disproportionate treatment that blacks endure in the criminal justice system and has been clearly documented. See
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/dmc/.
36
Mauer, Mark and Tracy Huling, “Young Black Americans and the Criminal Justice System: Five Years Later” (Washington, D.C.: The
Sentencing Project, 1995), 1.
37
Bonzcar, Thomas, “Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001,” (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics,
2003) http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/piusp01.pdf (accessed November 11, 2005), Figure 3 and Figure 4.
38
See Illinois Quick Facts from U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17000.html (accessed November 11, 2005)
and Illinois Department of Corrections, “2004 Departmental Data Fact Sheet” (Springfield, IL: Illinois Department of Corrections,
2004) http://www.idoc.state.il.us/subsections/reports/department_data/Department%20Data%202004.pdf. (accessed June 16, 2005).
39
Street, Paul, “Race, Place, and the Perils of Prisonomics: Beyond the Big-Stick, Low-Road, and Zero-Sum Mass Incarceration Con,”
Z Magazine (July/August 2005) http://www.prisonpolicy.org/news/zmagjulaug2005.shtml (accessed on November 11, 2005).
40
For instance, within the last decade, the 1996 welfare reform bill placed a lifetime ban on the receipt of welfare and a food stamp benefits
for anyone convicted of a felony drug charge; federal laws passed in 1996 and 1998 allowed for public housing agencies to deny
housing to anyone “engaged in any drug-related activity”; and amendments to the Higher Education Act suspended the eligibility for
student loans to anyone convicted of a drug offense. See Mauer, Marc, “Invisible Punishment: Block Housing, Education, Voting,”
Focus: The Magazine for the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, vol. 31, no. 3 (May/June 2003): 3-4.
41
“Prison and Beyond: The Stigma That Never Fades,” The Economist, August 8, 2002,
http://www.economist.com/world/na/displayStory.cfmstory_id=1270755 (accessed November 11, 2005).
42
The Urban Institute webpage, http://www.urban.org/content/PolicyCenters/Justice/Projects/Projects.htm.
43
The Transition from Prison to Community Initiative webpage, http://www.nicic.org/pubs/2002/017520.pdf. Missouri and Oregon were
the first two states selected to test pilot the model. Based on those experiences, NIC expanded the program to four additional sites
including Indiana, Michigan, North Dakota, and Rhode Island.
44
The United States Department of Justice, The Office of Justice Programs webpage, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/reentry/learn.html#serious
45
NGA Center for Best Practices, “Issue Brief: NGA Prisoner Reentry Policy Academy” (NGA Center for Best Practices, January 5, 2005),
http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.9123e83a1f6786440ddcbeeb501010a0/vgnextoid=c223303cb0b32010VgnVCM100000
1a01010aRCRD. Following a national request for proposals, teams from seven states—Georgia, Idaho, Massachusetts, Michigan, New
Jersey, Rhode Island, and Virginia—were invited to participate.
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