April Journal-2009.p65 - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy

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Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 3 (2) April 2009. ISSN 0973-8916 Information to Authors The Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy is an official international journal of Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy. It is a peer reviewed quarterly journal dedicated to publish high quality original research articles in biotechnology and pharmacy. The journal will accept contributions from all areas of biotechnology and pharmacy including plant, animal, industrial, microbial, medical, pharmaceutical and analytical biotechnologies, immunology, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and different areas in pharmacy such as, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharma analysis and pharmacognosy. In addition to the original research papers, review articles in the above mentioned fields will also be considered. Call for papers The Association is inviting original research or review papers in any of the above mentioned research areas for publication in Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy. The manuscripts should be concise, typed in double space in a general format containing a title page with a short running title and the names and addresses of the authors for correspondence followed by Abstract (350 words), 3 – 5 key words, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, References, followed by the tables, figures and graphs on separate sheets. For quoting references in the text one has to follow the numbering of references in parentheses and full references with appropriate numbers at the end of the text in the same order. References have to be cited in the format below. Mahavadi, S., Rao, R.S.S.K. and Murthy, K.S. (2007). Cross-regulation of VAPC2 receptor internalization by m2 receptors via c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of GRK2. Regulatory Peptides, 139: 109-114. Lehninger, A.L., Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. (2004). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, (4 th edition), W.H. Freeman & Co., New York, USA, pp. 73-111. Authors have to submit the figures, graphs and tables of the related research paper/article in Adobe Photoshop of the latest version for good illumination and allignment. Authors can submit their papers and articles either to the editor or any of the editorial board members for onward transmission to the editorial office. Members of the editorial board are authorized to accept papers and can recommend for publication after the peer reviewing process. The email address of editorial board members are available in website www.abap.in. For submission of the articles directly, the authors are advised to submit by email to krssrao@abap.in or krssrao@yahoo.com. Authors are solely responsible for the data, presentation and conclusions made in their articles/ research papers. It is the responsibility of the advertisers for the statements made in the advertisements. No part of the journal can be reproduced without the permission of the editorial office.
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 3 (2) 113-127, April 2009. ISSN 0973-8916 Molecular farming of Plant Derived Edible Vaccines D.K.Das Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology T. M.Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur-812007, India For correspondence - dilipdas@hotmail.com Abstract Vaccines have been one of the most farreaching and important public health initiatives of the 20 th century. Edible vaccine, in particular, might overcome some of the difficult of production, distribution and delivery associated with traditional vaccine. Transgenic potatoes expressing LT-B were found to induce both serum and secretory antibodies when fed to mice, these protective in bacterial toxin assays in vitro. This is the first proof of concept for the edible vaccine. The selection of a plant system for delivery of edible vaccines for human has been addressed. Recognising that it is necessary to express the desired protein in a food that is consumed raw (to avoid denaturation of the candidate vaccine protein), a system to transform banana plant has been developed. The expression of candidate vaccines in banana fruit will be dependant upon identification of suitable specific promoter to drive the desired gene expression. The concept of edible vaccine got impetus after Arntzen and co-workers expressed hepatitis B surface antigen in tobacco. Strategies for expression of foreign genes in high amounts in plants include use of strong and organ specific promoters targeting of the protein into endoplasmic reticulum by incorporating ERtargeting and ER-retention signals, creation of optimized translation start site context as well as alleviation of codons to suit the expression of prokaryotic genes in a plant. Retention of heat labile E.coli enterotoxin in ER of potato by using ER-retention signal has been reported to elevate the expression levels of the recombinant protein. Cholera toxin, which is very similar to E.coli LT, has also been expressed in plants generated tobacco plants expressing CT-A or CT-B subunits of the toxin. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) has been reported to accumulate to 0.01% of soluble protein level in transgenic tobacco. Edible vaccine offer exciting possibilities for significantly reducing the burden of diseases like hepatitis and diarrhoea, particularly in the developing world storing and administering vaccines are often major problems. NIAID have shown for the first time that an edible vaccine can safely trigger significant immune responses in people. Antibodies raised to the H protein after infection with the wild type measles virus (MV) have MV-neutralizing activity and correlate with immunological proteins. Recent studies have shown that mammalian protein can be expressed to high levels in transgenic rice. Key words - Edible vaccine, Antibodies, Enterotoxin, Surface antigen, Cholera toxin Introduction Vaccines are primary tools in programmes for health intervention for both humans and animals. They would be more widely used especially in developing countries. It would be helpful for human society if cost of production could be reduced and they could be distributed without refrigeration. Vaccines couldn’t be very popular because of unavailability of electricity for its storage in remotest area in developing countries. Vaccines and antibodies play a key role in healthcare. However, the cost of production and maintaining a chain for vaccine distribution has Plant Derived Edible Vaccines
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April Journal-2009.p65 - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy

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