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According to DOE, the cost of producing hydrogen from distributed reforming of natural gas (where hydrogen is produced at the refueling site) has been reduced to $3.00/gge (projected for high-volume production and widespread deployment), reaching the cost target of $2.00 – $3.00/gge. Fuel Supply R&D efforts have reduced the cost of other distributed hydrogen production technologies, including electrolysis and reforming of renewable bio-derived liquids (current cost estimates are $4.50 – 5.00/gge) and longer-term renewable pathways (current cost estimates are $5.00 – 9.00/gge for large-scale production at centralized facilities, which includes $3.00/gge for delivery). However, the cost of hydrogen from renewable and other pathways must still be reduced to $2:00- $3:00/gge. Hydrogen delivery costs have also been reduced: projected delivery costs using tube-trailers have been reduced by about 30% since 2005 to ~$4.00/gge; and projected delivery costs using pipelines have been reduced more than 10% to less than $3.50/gge, compared to the target of
Safety & Emergency Response Sustained Federal Commitment Sustained Marketplace Commitment Basic training for first-responders has been initiated. DOE developed an online course, “Introduction to Hydrogen Safety for First Responders,” which has registered more than 9,000 users since its launch in 2007. An advanced course for first-responders has also been launched, incorporating hands-on training. The Federal Government has been funding R&D programs for developing relevant technologies, fuels and fuel supplies. Federal policies are being developed to support and facilitate the development of business cases to support private sector investment. Tax credits and other financing tools can support vehicle conversion and infrastructure development. In early 2008 General Motors launched Project Driveway, which has resulted in the deployment of 100 fuel cell vehicles for a consumer test market in the United States. A similar Project Driveway program was launched in Europe in November 2008. In July 2008, Honda began leasing fuel cell vehicles to a limited number of retail consumers in Southern California, with plans to deploy 200 vehicles by the summer of 2011. Toyota, Honda, GM, Hyundai, and Daimler have all announced plans to commercialize fuel cell vehicles by 2015. Proterra has announced plans to commercialize a fuel cell bus by 2012. Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research & Innovative Technology Administration and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Fuel Cell Technologies Program. USDA Re s e a r c h a n d Ac h i e v e m e n t s USDA incorporates its hydrogen activities throughout its alternative fuels programs. USDA’s alternative fuels efforts are focused through four programs. The first is Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) promotes energy efficiency and renewable energy for agricultural producers and rural small businesses through grants and loan guarantees. Eligible renewable energy projects include commercially available wind, solar, biomass and geothermal; and hydrogen derived from biomass or water using wind, solar or geothermal energy sources. Congress has allocated it: $55 million for FY 2009, $60 million for FY 2010, $70 million for FY 2011, and $70 million for FY 2012. USDA is developing regulations to implement the program. The second USDA program is Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Competitive Grants Program that is funding an effort to develop a system for the biological production of hydrogen from agricultural resources. The third program is the Agricultural Research Service (ARS). ARS research serves to bring coordination, communication, and empowerment to about 1,000 projects including those affecting hydrogen and climate change. Every single ARS research project is peer reviewed by scientific panels arranged through its Office of Scientific Quality Review. The final USDA program is the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. Its Biofuels and Biobased Products Program Area also is developing technology to produce hydrogen from biomass. Eligibility is limited to small (less that 500 employees) US owned and operated businesses. Its Rural Development Program Area supports research and development of technologies that will provide hydrogengenerated power to rural communities. EPA Re s e a r c h & Ac h i e v e m e n t s The EPA’s National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan participated in the early Hydrogen Economy efforts by installing hydrogen refueling infrastructure at their facility, and partnering with United Parcel Service and DaimlerChrysler in demonstrating a fuel cell urban delivery truck. This demonstration lasted for three years and successfully demonstrated both vehicle and refueling operations in colder climates. During this period the EPA also developed safe fuel economy testing capability and protocols, and officially certified the first fuel cell vehicle in America, the Honda FCX. The UPS/Daimler- Chrysler partnership is now concluded, and EPA is concentrating its hydrogen activities in vehicle certification testing and continued participation in the California Fuel Cell Partnership. 36 Challenges of Building a Hydrogen Infrastructure
Page 1 and 2: REPORT TO CONGRESS: CHALLENGES OF B
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements This report is a h
Page 5 and 6: ►► Commercial sector • Market
Page 8 and 9: Background Building the nation’s
Page 10 and 11: In figure 1.3 below, the State of C
Page 12: Figure 1.6: Timeframe to Achieve Lo
Page 15 and 16: Technology is just one of the chall
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.3: 2007 Zero Emission Vehi
Page 19 and 20: According to the NRC, hydrogen fuel
Page 21 and 22: Storage technologies under developm
Page 23 and 24: hydrogen refueling sites will be at
Page 25 and 26: Sa f e t y a n d Em e r g e n c y R
Page 27 and 28: tional standards and help resolve c
Page 29 and 30: to support 220 million vehicles. Th
Page 31 and 32: Land Use & Site Planning Public Per
Page 34 and 35: Federal Progress to Date Table 3.1
Page 36 and 37: FTA FTA is working with DOE on abou
Page 40: Fe d e r a l In t e r a g e n c y C
Page 43 and 44: ers and retailers, consumers, and g
Page 45 and 46: http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs
Page 47 and 48: ►► Sustained commitment Program
Page 49 and 50: Map 4: Geographic Distribution of N
Page 52 and 53: Appendix B—Comparison of Alternat
Page 54 and 55: Appendix C—International Hydrogen
Page 56: Denmark • As reported by the Hydr
Page 59 and 60: CA Los Angeles BP LAX Airport Hydro
Page 61 and 62: MI Detroit NextEnergy Center Hydrog
Page 63 and 64: List of Acronyms and Abreviations S

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