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Appendix C—International Hydrogen and Fuel
Cell Infrastructure Development for
Transportation Applications
(Note: currency converted using April 20, 2009 conversion rates)
Hydrogen and fuel cell infrastructure development is a priority around the world. Below is a summary of
activities in key countries:
Canada
• Canada currently has 16 hydrogen filling stations that are used by 20 fuel cell buses, 10 hydrogen
ICE shuttle buses, 4 hydrogen/compressed natural gas transit buses, 5 fuel cell light-duty vehicles,
and 12 ICE pick-up trucks.
• British Columbia is working with through a public-private partnership to develop the British Columbia
Hydrogen Highway. It will accelerate the commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technology and
creating a legacy of economic growth and environmental benefits through three phases of implementation:
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Phase One (2004-2007) built 6 stations and purchased 20 fuel cell buses for use in Whistler for
the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Phase Two (2008-2009) is focusing on the delivery and operation the Phase One infrastructure
and educating the public on technology.
Phase Three (2010 and beyond) will focus on expanding the infrastructure to 30 – 50 stations in
order to service large-scale deployments of vehicles in the 2015 timeframe.
Japan
• Japan has a significant Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Demonstration Project that includes development
of vehicle infrastructure. The project is coordinated by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
(METI). Phase 1 of the fuel cell vehicle demonstration project was from 2002 – 2005 and Phase 2
started in 2006 and will run through 2010. In 2008:
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The project included 43 fuel cell vehicles, 5 fuel cell buses and 12 hydrogen internal combustion
engines (ICE) vehicles using 11 fueling stations.
There are 9 vehicle manufacturers and 16 hydrogen infrastructure suppliers involved in the project.
Over 3,300 stationary residential Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells are operating as part of
the stationary fuel cell demonstration project.
• Currently forming a Low-Carbon Mobility Committee that will develop and steer social demonstration
plans in the projected deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle infrastructure from 2011 to 2015,
and will study deployment measures, systems and legislation to be put in place for commercialization
to begin in 2015.
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Current plan is for hydrogen infrastructure to be built prior to vehicle introduction.
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By 2020, 1000 hydrogen fueling stations will serve the anticipated 50,000 fuel cell vehicles manufactured
per year.
In 2030, 5000 stations will support 1,000,000 fuel vehicles per year production.
Challenges of Building a Hydrogen Infrastructure 51