Challenges - Research and Innovative Technology Administration ...
Challenges - Research and Innovative Technology Administration ...
Challenges - Research and Innovative Technology Administration ...
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Commercial sector<br />
• Market development <strong>and</strong> deployment including policy decisions about whether implementation<br />
should focus on growing urban <strong>and</strong> regional markets where there is likely to be strong consumer<br />
de m<strong>and</strong> or on a national network so that vehicles can operate regardless of location.<br />
• Partnerships to bring together the stakeholders whose collaboration is essential to the deployment<br />
of hydrogen vehicles <strong>and</strong> a hydrogen infrastructure, i.e., Federal, State, <strong>and</strong> local government,<br />
automakers, fuel providers, electricity producers, other relevant industries, academia,<br />
environmental groups, <strong>and</strong> the public.<br />
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Safety codes & st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
• Universally accepted requirements to establish the appropriate safety, quality <strong>and</strong> consumer<br />
protection also be provided to match fossil fuel st<strong>and</strong>ards including the safety of compressed hydrogen<br />
(CH2) <strong>and</strong> liquid hydrogen (LH2) fueled vehicles <strong>and</strong> subsystems, of fueling infrastructure<br />
<strong>and</strong> of fueling interfaces, as well as safe integration <strong>and</strong> compatibility with mixed fleet <strong>and</strong> fuels<br />
operations during a long transition period.<br />
• Emergency response training to provide the knowledge <strong>and</strong> tools first responders will need to<br />
deal with the different dangers hydrogen presents as well as provide the regulatory requirements<br />
needed to address the new technologies <strong>and</strong> innovations this transition will generate.<br />
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Sustained commitment<br />
• Programs <strong>and</strong> incentives to address the expected cost differentials between hydrogen vehicles<br />
<strong>and</strong> conventional vehicles during the transition period. Some of these activities should be coordinated<br />
with the safety, codes <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards activities in order to accelerate the insurance industry’s<br />
adoption of comparable rate structures <strong>and</strong> procedures.<br />
As for identifying a network of hydrogen stations, there is much future work to be done. From a systemic<br />
perspective, NRC envisions that by 2050 there could be 220 million hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, 1,200 to<br />
1,800 hydrogen refueling stations, 210 central plants, <strong>and</strong> 80,000 miles of pipeline. 2 Today, DOE estimates<br />
there are about 60 hydrogen refueling stations across the nation. The most active effort to create<br />
this infrastructure is the California Fuel Cell Partnership’s program to create 41 stations within its state by<br />
2015. 3<br />
2<br />
National Academies of Science, National <strong>Research</strong> Council, Summit on America’s Energy Future: Summary of a<br />
Meeting <strong>and</strong> Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies – A Focus on Hydrogen<br />
3<br />
California Fuel Cell Action Plan.<br />
2 <strong>Challenges</strong> of Building a Hydrogen Infrastructure