One Hundred Years of Federal Mining Safety and Health Research

More documents

Recommendations

Info

produced most of the national supply of metallic zirconium. This metal was used by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in atomic power applications. Eventually this process was taken over by private companies to produce zirconium metal in quantity [CRS 1976]. 3.6 Mechanization of Coal Mining over the Course of the Century Underground coal mining production methods evolved several times throughout the 20th century. At the beginning of the century, traditional pick mining and blasting, with hand loading of the broken coal, was the norm (see Figure 25). By 1930, undercutting machines had largely replaced hand picks for undercutting and mechanical loading had greatly increased (see Figure 26). Conventional mining by drilling and blasting was gradually replaced by continuous miners during the 50s and 60s, while longwall mining became a dominant coal mining production method during the 70s and 80s (see Figure 27). Figure 25. Undercutting coal with a hand pick in the early 20 th century. 27
Figure 26. Joy loading machine in 1925. 3.6.1 Roof Control Figure 27. Coal mining production by mining method in the 20 th century. The Bureau began to devote more attention to the problems of roof control in the 1940s. Until the 1950s, wood timbers and posts were the usual method of roof support in coal mines (see Figure 28), but the Bureau saw potential in roof bolting. Roof bolts, long steel rods grouted or anchored into a drilled hole by a wedge, are 3 to 8 feet long and about 1 inch in diameter. They clamp together the roof strata to form a composite beam much stronger than the original roof strata. 28
Page 1 and 2: Department of Health and Human Serv
Page 3 and 4: This document is in the public doma
Page 5 and 6: 4.3.7 Spokane Mining Research Labor
Page 7 and 8: Figure 26. Joy loading machine in 1
Page 9 and 10: 2p REL SCSR SMCRA SRL STOP TC U.S.
Page 11 and 12: The origins of the USBM were in the
Page 13 and 14: Figure 3. Headline from the 1907 Mo
Page 15 and 16: Figure 6. Plaque commemorating the
Page 17 and 18: Figure 8. Official seal of the Unit
Page 19 and 20: Most of this initial research was s
Page 21 and 22: Seven hundred twenty miners were gi
Page 23 and 24: Figure 16. U.S. Bureau of Mines exh
Page 25 and 26: 3. that the mine owners introduce i
Page 27 and 28: Figure 20. The USBM’s Forbes Aven
Page 29 and 30: observing the effects of temperatur
Page 31 and 32: (permissible) type, whereas by 1929
Page 33 and 34: stations in mining areas. Over the
Page 35: Dr. Coward eventually became the Di
Page 39 and 40: Figure 30. The results of conventio
Page 41 and 42: 4. Public Health Service Mining Stu
Page 43 and 44: Public Health Service conducted a s
Page 45 and 46: at the schools, establishing mutual
Page 47 and 48: The Bureau’s annual progress repo
Page 49 and 50: The 1969 Coal Act was the first fed
Page 51 and 52: private organizations. NIOSH was gi
Page 53 and 54: Note that at this time a great deal
Page 55 and 56: • Energy-related minerals informa
Page 57 and 58: • Administer a medical surveillan
Page 59 and 60: Over the years, the federal presenc
Page 61 and 62: for efficient processing of radium,
Page 63 and 64: Figure 36. Air currents when using
Page 65 and 66: Figure 37. Testing of the mine roof
Page 67 and 68: developed several new illumination
Page 69 and 70: which disturbs and exploits the lan
Page 71 and 72: 1996 Appropriations Bill stated in
Page 73 and 74: Novel approaches undertaken by NIOS
Page 75 and 76: esearchers reanalyzed data from the
Page 77 and 78: other applications. The Libby mine
Page 79 and 80: 6.2.8 Ground Control Ground falls i
Page 81 and 82: To facilitate the application of th
Page 83 and 84: on refuge alternatives [NIOSH, 2007
Page 85 and 86: 6. Reduce ground failure fatalities
Page 87 and 88:
7. Conclusion: Lessons Learned The
Page 89 and 90:
8. References Amandus HE, Piacitell
Page 91 and 92:
National Research Council and Insti
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix A: Joseph A. Holmes Biogra
Page 95 and 96:
Table 1. U.S. Bureau of Mines appro
Page 97 and 98:
Table 3. Metal/Nonmetal Fatalities,
show all

One Hundred Years of Federal Mining Safety and Health Research

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?