One Hundred Years of Federal Mining Safety and Health Research

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6.4 Advancements in Injury Prevention and Research 74 6.4.1 Hazardous Area Signaling and Ranging Device (HASARD)— Proximity Warning System 74 6.4.2 Improved Training Materials and Methods 75 6.5 Current NIOSH Mining Program 75 6.5.1 Partnerships 76 6.5.2 NAS Evaluation of NIOSH Mining Program 76 6.6 Recent External Factors Affecting Mining Research 77 7. Conclusion: Lessons Learned 78 8. References 80 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Young boys working in tipple, a type of rudimentary coal screening plant. 2 Figure 2. Child miner wearing cloth cap with open flame oil cap lamp, circa 1900. 3 Figure 3. Headline from the 1907 Monongah coal mine disaster. 4 Figure 4. Peter Urban, Monongah Mine disaster survivor. 4 Figure 5. Outdoor morgue following Monongah explosion. 5 Figure 6. Plaque commemorating the Darr Mine disaster. 6 Figure 7. Rescuers (nicknamed “helmet men” because of the devices they wore) equipped with newly developed air supply apparatus at the Cherry Mine disaster. 7 Figure 8. Official seal of the United States Bureau of Mines, established in 1910. 8 Figure 9. Photo of Dr. Joseph A. Holmes. 8 Figure 10. Dr. Joseph A. Holmes and miners being trained in front of mine rescue car, 1913. 9 Figure 11. Miner preparing explosive shot in coal mine. 10 Figure 12. Early airborne dust sampler developed by the USBM, circa 1915. 11 Figure 13. Early view of the USBM’s Bruceton, PA, facility. 12 Figure 14. President William H. Taft and Dr. Joseph A. Holmes at national mine safety demonstration, Pittsburgh, 1911. 13 Figure 15. Public demonstration of coal dust explosion at Bruceton experimental mine. 13 Figure 16. U.S. Bureau of Mines exhibit at San Francisco Exposition, CA, 1915. 14 Figure 17. Mine rescue exhibition at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, PA, circa 1918. 14 Figure 18. USBM exhibit at Century of Progress exhibition in Chicago, IL, 1933. 14 Figure 19. Collapsible cage used for mine rescue. 17 Figure 20. The USBM’s Forbes Avenue facility under construction, Pittsburgh, PA, circa 1915. 18 Figure 21. The USBM’s completed Forbes Avenue building, Pittsburgh, PA, 1917. 18 Figure 22. Miners wearing the Gibbs mine rescue breathing apparatus, 1918. 20 Figure 23. Ford Model T in the Bruceton Experimental Mine, 1921. 21 Figure 24. Explosion test at the Bruceton Experimental Mine, 1927. 22 Figure 25. Undercutting coal with a hand pick in the early 20th century. 27 v
Figure 26. Joy loading machine in 1925. 28 Figure 27. Coal mining production by mining method in the 20th century. 28 Figure 28. Setting timber posts in a coal mine for roof control. 29 Figure 29. The impact of roof bolts in the Isabella Mine, Isabella, PA, in 1949. 29 Figure 30. The results of conventional timbering at the Isabella Mine, Isabella, PA, in 1949. 30 Figure 31. John L. Lewis, President of the United Mine Workers of America, at West Frankfort disaster site, 1951. 30 Figure 32. Smoke from the Farmington Mine disaster, Farmington, WV, 1968. 39 Figure 33. Aerial view of the Bruceton facility in PA, 1988. 49 Figure 34. Main portal for the Lake Lynn Laboratory near Fairchance, PA. 50 Figure 35. Spokane Research Center, Spokane, WA, circa 1985. 51 Figure 36. Air currents when using the shearer-clearer system. 54 Figure 37. Testing of the mine roof simulator. 56 Figure 38. Percentage of miners with CWP by tenure in mining, CWXSP, 1970-2006. 63 Figure 39. Miner wearing personal dust monitor (PDM). 65 Figure 40. Collapsible Drill Steel Enclosure at start of drilling. 69 Figure 41. Coal Dust Explosibility Meter. 72 Figure 42. NIOSH Exhibit at the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration Annual Meeting, Denver, 2009. 78 APPENDICES Appendix A: Joseph A. Holmes Biography 83 Appendix B: Directors of USBM and NIOSH 84 TABLES Table 1. U.S. Bureau of Mines appropriations and expenditures, fiscal years ending June 30, 1911-35 85 Table 2. U.S. Coal Fatalities, 1900 through 2008. 86 Table 3. Metal/Nonmetal Fatalities, 1900 through 2008. 87 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT AEC AHSM ALFORD ALOSH ALPS ARMPS ATSDR BETC Atomic Energy Commission Analysis of Horizontal Stress in Mines Appalachian Laboratory for Occupational Respiratory Diseases Appalachian Laboratory for Occupational Safety and Health Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Bartlesville Energy Technology Center vi
Page 1 and 2: Department of Health and Human Serv
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Page 11 and 12: The origins of the USBM were in the
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Page 17 and 18: Figure 8. Official seal of the Unit
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• Administer a medical surveillan
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Over the years, the federal presenc
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for efficient processing of radium,
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Figure 36. Air currents when using
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Figure 37. Testing of the mine roof
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developed several new illumination
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which disturbs and exploits the lan
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1996 Appropriations Bill stated in
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Novel approaches undertaken by NIOS
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esearchers reanalyzed data from the
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other applications. The Libby mine
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6.2.8 Ground Control Ground falls i
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To facilitate the application of th
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on refuge alternatives [NIOSH, 2007
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6. Reduce ground failure fatalities
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7. Conclusion: Lessons Learned The
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8. References Amandus HE, Piacitell
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National Research Council and Insti
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Appendix A: Joseph A. Holmes Biogra
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Table 1. U.S. Bureau of Mines appro
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Table 3. Metal/Nonmetal Fatalities,
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One Hundred Years of Federal Mining Safety and Health Research

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