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160 The error message is sent from the exchange to the fault centre of the organization that supplied the program package. From here the message is distributed to the responsible design authority (design holder), who designs and tests the final program change. In this case also, the designer works on the previously mentioned design file. The change, together with a number of previously accumulated changes and changes carried out later on the block in question, will eventually result in a revision of the block. This is stored in the library file as a new, general issue of the block in a similar way to that described by means of fig. 5. As quite a long time can elapse before such revised blocks are put into service in the affected exchange, in certain cases it may be desirable to make temporary changes in these exchanges, which, however, should be done restrictively. When such changes are made, a temporary change instruction is prepared, which is distributed to the exchanges concerned. Changes are then introduced in a similar way to the exchange data in accordance with fig. 4, i.e. the change is checked before putting into service and also a new load tape is generated. Experience has shown that only a fraction of all the temporary changes that are made in an exchange are initiated by error messages from the exchange itself. This is because the software is utilized on many markets in many different exchanges. Thus the errors are often detected at some other exchange and are corrected before they have had time to give rise to operational disturbances at the exchange in question. Moreover, some of the operational disturbances could no doubt have been avoided if all the temporary changes sent to the exchange had been introduced. Support system APS As has been mentioned earlier, APS is to be described in a later issue of Ericsson Review. Already now it can be said that it constitutes an advanced aid for the administration and production of the requisite software, and for producing a separate program package for each exchange. APS consists of a program system that is run on an IBM 370 commercial computer, and can at first hand be compared with a compiler for an administrative computer. However, apart from a compiler's translating functions from one code to another, APS also has functions for program testing, program assembly, program library etc. Summary With the introduction of the SPC technique a considerable part of the development and production work was transferred from hardware to software. It has therefore been necessary to develop design and handling methods and aids for the software equivalent to the existing methods for the hardware. However, many problems have proved to be common for the two types of products, and many parallels can be drawn between hardware and software production. A number of successively developed methods for handling software have been dealt with in this article, but the development is by no means at an end. A continuous rationalization of the software production is at least just as essential as rationalization of the hardware production. Moreover, since the software technique is a much more recent innovation, it can be expected that work in the field of rationalization will be lively even in the future. References 1. Meurling, J., Noren, L.-O. and Svedberg, B.: Transit Exchange System AKE 132. Ericsson Rev. 50 (1973): 2, pp. 34—57. 2. Noren, L.-O. and Sundstrom, S.: Software System for AKE 13. Ericsson Rev. 51 (1974): 2, pp. 34 —47. 3. Nilsson, R. and Noren, L.-O: Inplant System Testing. Ericsson Rev. 53 (1976): 1, pp. 19—27.
WORLDWIDE NEWS Guests from all over the world celebrated the LM ERICSSON CENTENARY The celebration of the LM Ericsson centenary year culminated the first week in May when about 450 prominent guests had been invited to the parent company in Stockholm and a well-filled two-day program. The guests represented no less than 68 countries—there were Communications Ministers, General Directors, Technical Directors, Heads of administrations, certain suppliers, licensees, press representatives etc. etc. The main points of the program were as follows: • Symposium "Telecommunications in a changing world" • Presentation of LM Ericsson's technical resources • Preview of the National Museum exhibition "The Centenary of the Telephone" • King Carl XVI Gustaf presents the newly instituted LM Ericsson Prize of 100,000 Swedish crowns to the American Harold Rosen for outstanding contributions within telecommunication engineering • The King inaugurates the Lars Magnus Ericsson Memorial Room in the new Museum of Telecommunications • Jubilee banquet in the Stockholm Town Hall Harold Rosen's prize address Dr. Harold A. Rosen's address "The History of Geostationary Communications Satellites" took place in the Museum of Technology in Stockholm. Dr. Rosen is the first winner of the newly instituted LM Ericsson Prize of 100.000 Swedish crowns for "significant contributions within <strong>telecommunications</strong> en- Applause for Dr. Harold Rosen when receiving the LM Ericsson Prize from the hand of the King. Far left the Chairman of the Board of LM Ericsson, Dr. Marcus Wallenberg. Centre the President of LM Ericsson, Bjorn Lundvall gineering" which is to be awarded every third year. The Chairman of the prize committee. Dr. Hakan Sterky, made a short introductory address and presented Dr. Rosen, whose address is given in its entirety on pages 110—117 of this issue. After the address the prize was presented to Dr. Rosen by the King. Jubilee banquet with the King as the guest of honour It was an impressive banquet that was held in Stockholm Town Hall, and which was attended by about 730 persons, with the King as the guest of honour. The foreign guests included Communications Ministers and State Secretaries from the Sultanate of Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait. Brazil and Venezuela. The Swedish government was represented by the Minister of Communications, Bengt Norling, and the Minister of Industry, Rune Johansson. International symposium A dominating feature of the jubilee program was the <strong>telecommunications</strong> symposium held in the large lecture hall of the International Fair in Stockholm during the mornings of two successive days. Speakers from all six continents spoke on the iheme "Telecommunications in a changing world". The addresses are given in their entirety in a special issue of Ericsson Review. Rededication of the Lars Magnus Ericsson Memorial Room in the Museum of Telecommunications The Lars Magnus Ericsson Memorial room from 1903, which has been moved from the old LM Ericsson factory at Tulegatan in Stockholm and has been rebuilt in the new Museum of Telecommunications, was inaugurated by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden on one of the jubilee days, after the President of LM Ericsson, Bjorn Lundvall, had related the history of the Memorial Room. The room used from 1903 as an exhibition room for the company products, and for Board meetings and general meetings of the shareholders. 161
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ERICSSON REVIEW 3 1976 GEOSTATIONAR
Page 4 and 5: Geostationary Telecommunications Sa
Page 6 and 7: 112 forever silent. The next launch
Page 8 and 9: 114 Figs. 1—4 Figs. 5—8
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Page 22 and 23: 128 ed by about 100 kohms. In order
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Page 26 and 27: 132 use a microphone in which the o
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Page 30 and 31: 136 ] Do not allow more staff in th
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Page 40 and 41: Table 1 Acquisition costs for diffe
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Page 50 and 51: 156 duction and putting the package
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Page 56 and 57: Dr. Christian Jacobceus chaired the
Page 58 and 59: 164 Among the reasons that were giv
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