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NOTES: CHAPTER THREE
^ This instrument was in use in southern Ohio in the early 1830's but
not in other parts of the state until after 1835. Dr. Howard Dittrick,
"The Equipment, Instruments and Drugs of Pioneer Physicians of
Ohio," Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, XLVIII, 3
(July, 1939), 201-3.
Dr. Drake in Cincinnati in 1830 was urging "such of our readers,
by far the greater number, as have not yet given it a trial, the duty of
doing so." He was not convinced of its superiority in all cases, however,
and reported an instance of "one patient in whom the respiratory
murmer was more audible and distinct, when heard by the application
of the ear to the chest, than when hstened to through the cylinder."
Laennec described the stethoscope as being composed of wood of medium
density, a foot long and an inch and a quarter in diameter, preferably
cylindrical, with a canal one-fifth the diameter. The instrument was
equipped with a stopper which was used in certain cases. Ordinarily
the shaft was made in two parts, although this was for convenience in
transporting rather than an essential to the functioning of the instrument.
"A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest in which they are
described according to their anatomical characters; and their Diagnosis
as established on a new principle by means of Acoustick instruments,
with plates," translated from the French of Rene T. H. Laennec, M. D.,
Paris edition of 1819, First American edition, Philadelphia, 1823, in
Western Jotirnal, III (1830), 68-99.
^ Dr. Robert Boal of Cincinnati, quoted by Juettner, Daniel Drake,
87-8.
^ Dr. John C. Reeve, "A Physician in Pioneer Wisconsin," in Wisconsin
Magazine of History, III (1919-20), 308.
* Dr. Morris Fishbein, "Some Physician's Fees," in Bulletin of the
Society of Medical History of Chicago, II, 2 (1919), 181.
^ Etolie T. Davis, "Memoir Ebenezer Grosvenor," in Michigan Pioneer
and Historical Collections, XXXVIII (1912), 703; Fishbein, "Some
Physician's Fees," 181.
® Atlas and History of Franklin County (S. H. Beers and Company,
Chicago, 1882), 95.
"^
Sangamo Journal, April 10, 1840.
^ Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, LII, 4 (October-
December, 1943), 318-9.
^ Juettner, Daniel Drake, 96-7.
i
Dr. WilUam H. Wishard, in Indiana State Medical Society Transactions,
1889, 12.
11
Ruth Hoppin, "Personal Recollection," Michigan Pioneer and Historical
Collections, XXXVlll (1912), 414.
12
The best brief treatment of the emergence of modern medicine is in