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316 The first American herbal, The Badianiis Manuscript, was written and probably illustrated by an Aztec Indian, Martin de la Cruz, in 1552, and translated into Latin by a mission colleague, Badianus. In 1929 the manuscript was found in the Vatican Library. Translated and annotated by Emily Walcott Emmart, it was published with one hundred eighteen color plates by the Johns Hopkins Press, 1940. Through this work comparisons may be made with herbal practice of Europe and of other American Indians. also H. W. Youngken, "Drugs of the North American Indians," American Journal of 'Pharmacy, Volumes XCVI andXCVII (1924-25). CHARM CURES: The Hterature of folk medicine is extensive. Between the Ebers papyrus of about 1550 B.C., recipe for restoring hair on a bald head by means with its of an ointment of lion-hippopotamus-crocodile-serpentibex fat, to the latest pamphlet on the same subject, hundreds of books have been written on magic, necromancy, "Egyptian Secrets," witchcraft, hexadukt'r, powwowing, and the like. Vulture medicine of the period of Pliny, Dioscorides, and Sextus came down by way of such documents as the Epistula Yulturis, an eighth-century Paris manuscript, medieval handbooks, and early modern compilations, such as Pictorius's Medicinae . . . Seu Leporarium Quorundam Animalium Quadrupedu-m etc. (Basel, 1560), Conrad Gesner's Historia Animalium (Zurich, 1551-58), and Lovell's Compleai History of Animals and Minerals (Oxford, 1660). It was kept alive in books on medicines and drugs—Becher's 'Parnassus Medicinalis lllustrattis (Ulm, 1663), Pomet's Histoire Generale des Drogues (Paris, 1694). and Chatenier's Histoire . . . des Medicaments (Paris, 1871). Similar vulture and animal cures developed among the Indians of Peru, Mexico, and the Cherokees of North America. Besides the article by Loren MacKinney cited in the footnotes, see Wilton Marion Krogman, "Medical See
317 Practices and Diseases of the Aboriginal American Indians," aba Symposia, I (April, 1939); E. Stone, Medicine among the American Indians (New York, 1932); J. Mooney and F. M. Olbrechts, The Swimmer Manuscript: Cherokee Sacred Formulas and Medicinal 'Prescriptions (Bulletin 99, Bureau American Ethnology, Washington, 1932); and William T. Corlett, The Medicine Man of the American Indian (Springfield, Illinois, 1935). William George Black, Folk Medicine, A Chapter in the History of Culture (London, 1883), covers the subject in general, as does Howard Wilcox Haggard, Devils, Drugs and Doctors (New York, 1929). The folk beliefs of the Pennsylvania Germans have been rather thoroughly studied, and fortunately so, for no group was more important in supplying folk medicine to the Middle West. The most complete studies are Edwin Miller Fogel, Beliefs and Stiperstitions of the Pennsylvania Germans (Philadelphia, 1915), and Thomas R. Brendle and Claude W. Unger, Folk Medicine of the Pennsylvania Germans, monograph of the Pennsylvania German Society, XLV (Norristown, Pennsylvania, 1935). Shorter studies are William J. Hoffman, "Folk Medicine of the Pennsylvania Germans," American Philosophical Society Proceedings, XXVI (1889); "Folk Lore of the Pennsylvania Germans," Journal of American Folklore, I (1888), and II (1889); John Baer Stout, The Folk-Lore of the Pennsylvania German, Pennsylvania German Society Proceedings, XXIII Supplement (1915) ; David E. Lick and Thomas R. Brendle, "Plant Names and Plant Lore among the Pennsylvania Germans," ibid., XXXIII (1922); J. G. Owens, "Folk-Lore from Buffalo Valley, Central Pennsylvania," Journal of American Folklore, FV (1891); Emma Gertrude White, "Folk-Lore among Pennsylvania Germans," ibid., X (1897). In 1930 Ammon Monroe Aurand edited and reprinted (Harrisburg) John George Hohman's Long Lost Friend or Book of Pow-Wows, "A Collection of Mysterious and Invaluable Arts and Remedies; for Man as Well as Animals;
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^^iil!§SMlgSilil;lii;iliHiilin^^ L
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THE DOCTOR ON HORSEBACK
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Copyright 1945 by R. Carlyle Buley
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FOREWORD 1 n this book, first publi
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" I. "HE'S AILIN' CONTENTS II. HOME
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Within a few hours it was well belo
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10 whites who reached the Mississip
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12 that this would only make things
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14 to get tenderers for the sick. I
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16 that the quantity of ardent spir
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18 gan Territory "shook so that the
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20 When the postponingy when it occ
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22 Black Tongue, was epidemic at di
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24 physician or other citizen of th
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26 by November 8. It was estimated
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28 and collapse. The fate of many v
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30 phur was an effective specific.
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32 dence of virility and social sta
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34 of this survey, an exception is
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36 Naturally Indian influences were
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38 which Serve for the use of Medic
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40 through the writings of Spanish
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42 the oven, let cool, and let the
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44 of the United States or Medical
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46 possession of cures, simples, et
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48 SHORT SKETCH OF THE AND ADVENTUR
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50 effect, then made the wicked pup
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52 Followed more wandering. At Lync
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54 'Since man, to man, is so unjust
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56 Yet eagerly each one displays, H
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58 Carter's compendium of cures—
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60 should abstain from the use of s
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^ 62 ''So tie my hands as fast behi
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64 to get wet or expose yourself to
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66 add to each dose about one-eight
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6$ Like zr.t ::yr:. bu: opzr:.:i:\z
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70 certain cases recommended, also
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71 of his son-in-law, Dr. S. H. Sel
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74 to please, for hundreds have rui
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76 beliefs. Woe betide the pioneer
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78 the latter was likely to steal h
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80 able warts possessed, in a parce
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" 82 house at midnight alone at the
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84 quart of sweet milk In a new ear
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S6 on the other, half round on one
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88 of the spine, hip complaint, dis
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90 lancet. One of the early works o
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92 midwifery" and a section on dise
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94 zation was the prime mortal caus
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96 the unhappy victim. So indiffere
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DOCTORS: BLEED. BLISTER. AND PURGE
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100 plicated equipment for diagnosi
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102 to $10; amputation of leg or ar
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104 accumulation of blood in the ve
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106 malpractice. Whether the ballad
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108 Yandell of Louisville, who had
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no released by a trigger, swept the
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112 redness of skin and blistering.
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114 into the principal cities of Eu
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116 phia Eclectic Repertory and Ana
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118 able dose of opium and a quanti
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120 Upon completion of the apprenti
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122 the Transylvania School." The r
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124 racy," "scoundrel," "seduction
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126 erant schoolmasters, wandering
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128 product of the West to be gradu
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130 ship at Transylvania, where he
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132 in management, however, delayed
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134 more stable existence and conti
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136 and ridicule, never at a loss t
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138 in 1847, of the first state hos
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140 cago Medical College in 1863, a
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142 in medical education. According
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144 and temperance agitation of the
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146 were to be its medical and surg
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148 Chicago had a number of hospita
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150 by the following year, likewise
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152 special use of students he publ
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154 ment of which every doctor in A
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156 WESTERN JOURNAL MEDICAIi AND PH
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158 such items of public interest a
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160 and Drs. Zana Pitcher, "W. Brod
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162 to advantage by fastidious pers
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164 devote as much of his time in l
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166 eye specialists began to appear
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168 of the faith in our art," wrote
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170 the emetic lobelia, which in la
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172 whole body from the air, and th
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174 or any honest man, as they are
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176 copy right in Boston, and print
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178 waiting an hour and a half, I a
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180 Howard and most of his family f
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182 while preaching the advantages
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184 convention address he summarize
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186 honored with the presence of se
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188 "Take a double handful of Wild-
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190 sons . . . [which] under the or
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192 by Dr. Thomas Vaughan Morrow as
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194 and regular, and failed to attr
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196 in the same building in which D
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198 Indianapolis in 1857, and in th
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200 Erlangen, from which he was gra
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202 to avoid any mistake in their e
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204 would be absurd and injurious t
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206 to the billionth, trillionth, q
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208 cure," things were in a bad way
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210 a special brochure, "The Preten
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212 is still a barren field." Drawi
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214 the honors of the College, as I
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216 a lease on the building in 1858
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218 In the Cincinnati Lancet and Ob
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220 seriousness of his condition. T
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222 gradually took up Grahamism and
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224 America" and "The American Spur
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226 travels, Notes on the United St
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228 Buchanan's father was a profess
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230 continually downcast obey with
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232 destruction of health and Hfe b
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234 Dr. Carter had his hypo, Dr. Th
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236 of the mode of life. In many ca
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238 the shade. He would confess, on
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WHO IS A DOCTOR CHAPTER VI ^Who sha
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242 they became weaker with the adv
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244 tended cures; and handbill away
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246 that plant remedies, some good,
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248 A somewhat different kind of tr
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250 in the future, medical schools
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252 As frontier communities settled
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254 forming to the procedure specif
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256 "studied physic and surgery for
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258 required by this law to render
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260 annual meeting of the Society,
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262 Wisconsin in 1841 incorporated
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264 or distributors to go even to P
Page 280 and 281: 266 Castor oil, sweet oil, essence
Page 282 and 283: 268 The pioneer doctor wrote few pr
Page 284 and 285: 270 Occasionally an editor joined t
Page 286 and 287: — 272 Incidentally the advertisin
Page 288 and 289: ) 274 Already by 1830, in addition
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Page 292 and 293: 278 and Ague, &c. . . ." Though it
Page 294 and 295: 280 Fifteen years later Morrison's
Page 296 and 297: 282 had in mind in the 1850's when
Page 298 and 299: . 284 Piles, &c." (No testimonials
Page 300 and 301: — 286 Others contained laudanum,
Page 302 and 303: 288 business of the next hundred ye
Page 305 and 306: NOTES NOTES: CHAPTER ONE ^Described
Page 307 and 308: 293 ^ For background of almost four
Page 309 and 310: 295 NOTES: CHAPTER THREE ^ This ins
Page 311 and 312: 297 ^* Dr. John Richmond, "History
Page 313 and 314: 299 series of letters to his childr
Page 315 and 316: 301 * For analysis of the six paten
Page 317 and 318: 303 to the spread of the good cause
Page 319 and 320: " Laws of the State of Indiana (183
Page 321 and 322: BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE Since most of
Page 323 and 324: 309 phia, 1861), and Autobiography
Page 325 and 326: 311 Packard, New York, 1917-42) ; B
Page 327 and 328: 313 and Collateral Branches of Scie
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Page 333 and 334: 319 1822); "Discourse on the Histor
Page 335 and 336: 321 Botany, Pharmacy and Materia Me
Page 337 and 338: 323 sonian Defender, July, 1835, to
Page 339 and 340: A 9 INDEX Address on . . . Intellec
Page 341 and 342: 327 Caldwell, Charles, 123, 157, 22
Page 343 and 344: 329 Dudley, Benjamin W., 117, 121-1
Page 345 and 346: 331 "Improved Botanies," 182 Improv
Page 347 and 348: 333 Medical Flora (Rafinesque), 44-
Page 349 and 350: 335 "Pope's College," 135 "Potency,
Page 351 and 352: 337 System of Surgery (Gross), 151
Page 353: 339 Xlminez, Francisco, 293 (note 4
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