FoxHershockMappingCommunities

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DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITY CAPACITY THROUGH SPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF TRINITY COMMUNITY GIS tribes are using SIT to map reservations and ancestral territories, and in tribal management of natural resources. As part of SIT training, TC GIS always stresses that the first step is to decide what the purpose of SIT use is and to plan from there in terms of what data are to be collected, how they are to be used, and who will own and control the data. Since much of the data TC GIS uses come from public agencies, public resources, or already public information, most TC GIS data are freely available unless it is established from the outset of a project that the data are proprietary or of a sensitive nature. Also established early on are any distribution rights, e.g., no distribution, limited distribution, display but no sharing, by permission only. EXAMPLES: One example of a major project with several offshoots involving SIT is the work of the Trinity County Fire- Safe Council. The Trinity area is subject to large, severe wild fires. In 1987, for example, over 20,000 hectares burned in the county as part of a total of over 100,000 ha burned in a large lightning storm. These types of events occurring across California led to the establishment of a state-level Fire-Safe Council to coordinate fire management at the state, regional, and local levels and to support local level efforts at fire management (California Fire Safe Council 2004). In 1998, the Trinity County Fire-Safe Council (TCFSC) was formed, bringing together fire fighters, agencies, and the public. They soon recognized the need for landscape scale planning. SIT was used to develop base data layers for community mapping. Public meetings were organized by local volunteer fire departments. (Other than public agencies, there is only one full-time, paid fire official in the county.) Maps were used to illustrate current conditions and to facilitate participation by recruiting local meeting participants to identify (1) available resources for emergency response such as water sources, logistical locations, unidentified roads, and fuel breaks; (2) potential hazards such as locked gates, weak bridges, bad roads, and fuel concentrations; and (3) possible solutions including fuel reduction work, enhanced communications, local maps and equipment acquisition. Working together on the maps led to better understanding of the process, resource conditions, and agency limitations along with more confident participation and more collaboration, especially among normally antagonistic groups such as loggers and environmentalists or recreationists and developers (Everett et al. 2000). Through this process, over one hundred potential projects were identified. This led to education and outreach to thousands of people, community members and beyond, which led in turn to identifying, procuring funding for, and implementing over thirty-five projects so far. These projects brought with them jobs along with a sense of community self-reliance and better relations with government agencies. Another product of this process is a nearly complete draft county fire management plan (TCRCD 2004). Other examples of projects benefiting from SIT are resource management efforts. In 1993, only the USFS used SIT to a small extent in the Trinity area. Now several federal and state agencies, Trinity County, the timber industry, the WRTC, and the RCD all use SIT to analyze conditions, identify problems and potential solutions, procure funding, 81
and implement projects. Some NGOs also use SIT products. Projects range from forest restoration and fuels reduction to resource inventories and management (roads, timber, NTFP, fisheries, and wildlife). SIT is also used in efforts to defend resource access. TC GIS has worked with the County Planning Department's Natural Resources Division to develop a GIS on the use of Trinity River water for irrigation of selenium polluted soils in the San Joaquin Valley. This is a critical issue for Trinity County because historically up to 90 percent of the flow of the Trinity River has been diverted for uses in the Central Valley. The county, along with the local tribes and other stakeholders, has been embroiled in a battle to reduce the outtake from the river for over twenty years. The ability to use SIT to make the argument that precious water that could have come from the Trinity River is wasted or misused was important in Trinity County testimony before the State Water Resources Control Board. SIT development has also empowered the public through better understanding which has enhanced citizen participation, especially in management planning on public and private lands. There are also several projects informed by SIT that are not explicitly related to natural resources. The county Emergency 911 project (which used a lot of the Fire-Safe SIT data) used SIT to develop street addresses for use with telephone companies to give caller-ID locations to emergency dispatchers. Local street maps have also been developed for volunteer fire departments, agency fire fighters, and the US Postal Service. To what degree have TC GIS goals related to training, employment, and community capacity been met or not and what has been achieved to date From the beginning, TC GIS identified several groups for SIT training. First TC GIS trained twenty-three people with a professional interest in GIS who saw the need for a community GIS database and the value of building local capacity. Then there were over ninety high school graduates and displaced forest workers, who after introductory training courses, could fill entry level SIT technical positions. In addition local youths participating in the WRTC summer camp receive SIT instruction. There 82
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MAPPINGCOMMUNITIES ETHICS, VALUES,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS vi vii viii 1 11
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ACRONYMS AMA: adaptive management a
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INTRODUCTION MAPPING POWER: IRONIC
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARTICIPATORY
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APPENDIX I: FORMAL INTERVIEWS AND G
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APPENDIX II: RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND
Page 37 and 38: land-use plans in various stages of
Page 39 and 40: egan to argue that these areas were
Page 41 and 42: conflicts. The NTFP also assists vi
Page 43 and 44: illegal logging activities and to s
Page 45 and 46: property is defined according to th
Page 47 and 48: the real outside pressure has not y
Page 49 and 50: 7. How well do NTFP staff members u
Page 51 and 52: further and further away from areas
Page 53 and 54: Methods Projecting aerial photograp
Page 55 and 56: RESEARCH QUESTIONS The underlying q
Page 57 and 58: In Samout Krom Village, villagers h
Page 59 and 60: who have not attended the sketch ma
Page 61 and 62: concrete sensorial experiences much
Page 63 and 64: CONCLUSION Based on mapping researc
Page 65 and 66: BACKGROUND According to the MIGIS p
Page 67 and 68: many schools, resulting in the clos
Page 69 and 70: members, the Beima, and villagers'
Page 71 and 72: tree cutting and animal grazing in
Page 73 and 74: the bio-gas project that was implem
Page 75 and 76: During the evaluation process we al
Page 77 and 78: 1 Mr. Zhao Yaqiao, Ms. Wu Chengrui,
Page 79 and 80: Events / Dates Bio-gas systems cons
Page 81 and 82: communities to take advantage of SI
Page 83 and 84: Hayfork based NGO focused on commun
Page 85 and 86: likely to be more knowledgeable abo
Page 87: planning processes, especially with
Page 91 and 92: CONCLUSIONS SIT training provides p
Page 93 and 94: REFERENCES California Fire Safe Cou
Page 95 and 96: map strengthened the community's cl
Page 97 and 98: 1994 and 1995 with community mapper
Page 99 and 100: to the mapping. These disagreements
Page 101 and 102: CONCLUSIONS For too long now, the D
Page 103 and 104: APPENDIX B The table below lists th
Page 105 and 106: uncritically or simply misused. As
Page 107 and 108: However, the equipment acquired for
Page 109 and 110: degrees in social sciences, agricul
Page 111 and 112: photo: Martin Hardiono photo: Marti
Page 113 and 114: REFERENCES Herlihy, P. H., and G. K
Page 115 and 116: eserve boundaries, develop a common
Page 117 and 118: NGO that focused on facilitating co
Page 119 and 120: left their organizations within a y
Page 121 and 122: eadily use the available computer a
Page 123 and 124: local capacity both in terms of ski
Page 125: Nusa Tenggara Community Development
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FoxHershockMappingCommunities

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