FoxHershockMappingCommunities

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DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITY CAPACITY THROUGH SPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF TRINITY COMMUNITY GIS government, NGO, and agency staff, to land owners, environmental activists, retired community members, and summer camp youth. It can also be noted that the origins of the experiment were collaborative, with several local, state, and federal agencies and the University of California pooling funds and resources to support the effort. There were critical errors in some of the initial assumptions TC GIS and its supporters made. The idea that the USFS would provide SIT-related jobs or contracts for local residents trained in GIS was an illusion. TC GIS did not think ahead to assess the potential demand for formal training in GIS and quickly saturated the demand for professional level skills in the area. Luckily the organization was able to shift gears toward participatory research using SIT to capture funding support that allowed TC GIS to continue to support its free public access approach to SIT training. At the current level of SIT distribution and demand in the county, the training capacity of TC GIS is no longer needed and is being phased out, with some of its expertise and access to the technology being assumed by the WRTC. different in different areas, depending on the level of formal education and access to computer technology. In the California case, the combination of a community with some familiarity with maps that was organized and looking for help in building landscape analysis capacity, and the university and agencies looking for opportunities to develop and extend SIT worked to overcome the difficult barriers. TC GIS staff believes that this model could be replicated. The approach of capacity building through publicly accessible training and service might be applied in many cases for diffusion of information and technology. Specifically with SIT in California, similar efforts should be easier and quicker to launch today than was for the case for TC GIS, since the technology is more widespread, less expensive, and more accessible to communities. Certain public agencies that initially were cool to the efforts of TC GIS to demonstrate GIS now clamor for SIT services. Communities with access to a community college and a TC GIS-like NGO might be particularly able to adopt SIT rapidly. Timing may be the most important factor in SIT adoption, i.e., when is a community ripe for SIT development A major prerequisite is either understanding of the potential of SIT or education in SIT applications, factors that may have to come from outside a community. The timing may also be 85
REFERENCES California Fire Safe Council. 2004. Available at www.firesafecouncil.org Clifford, P. M. 2004. Integrating logistic regression and GIS to predict the distribution of Petasites frigidus var. Palmatus in the Klamath Mountain subregion, California. M. S. Thesis, Humboldt State University. Everett, Y. 2004. Community participation in fire management planning: The Trinity County Fire Safe Council's fire plan. In Proceedings of the Fire Ecology Conference, December 25, 2002, San Diego, California. USFS PSW GTR 189 (in press). Everett, Y. 2001. Participatory research for adaptive ecosystem management: A case of non-timber forest products. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 13 (1-2): 335-358. Everett, Y., N. Doyas, P. Frost, K. Sheen, and P. Towle. 2000. Recommendations on Trinity County values at risk from fire and prefire fuels treatment opportunities drawn from community meetings 1999/2000. (Draft Report to the Trinity County Fire Safe Council from the Trinity County Resource Conservation District and the Watershed Research and Training Center.) Weaverville, Calif. (76 pages + 5 CD ROMs of GIS data.) FEMAT. 1993. Forest ecosystem management: An ecological, economic, and social assessment. (Report of the F. E. M. Assessment Team.) USDA/USDI/US Dept. of Commerce/EPA. Fortman, L. P., J. Kusel, and S. Fairfax. 1989. Community stability: The foresters' figleaf. In Community Stability in Forest Based Communities, edited by D. LeMaster and J. Beuter. Beaverton, Ore.: Timber Press. Fox, J., R. R. Rindfuss, S. J. Walsh, and V. Mishra, eds.. 2003. People and the environment: Approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS. Boston: Kluwer Academic Pubs. Kusel, J. 2001. Assessing well-being in forest dependent communities. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 13 (1-2): 359-384. Lonner, J. D. 2002. Determining the sustainable harvest of Oregongrape (Berberis nervosa). M. S. Thesis, Natural Resources: Forestry, Humboldt State University. Radke, J., and Y. Everett. 1993. Klamath GIS project proposal to University of California Cooperative Extension and the California Biodiversity Executive Council. University of California, Berkeley Department of City and Regional Planning and Landscape Design. Rambaldi, G. and J., Callosa-Tarr. July 2002. Participatory 3D Modeling: Guiding Principles and Applications. ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. TCFSC. 1999. Memorandum of understanding. Trinity County Fire Safe Council, Trinity County, California. TCRCD. 2004. Draft Trinity County Fire Management Plan. Available at www.tcrcd.net (Forest Health frame). USDA, Forest Service. 1994. Record of decision for amendments to Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management planning documents within the range of the northern spotted owl. USDA/USDI. Available at www.or.blm.gov/ForestPlan/NWFPTitl.htm USDA, Forest Service. 1994a. Butter Creek watershed analysis. South Fork Trinity River, Shasta Trinity National Forest, Hayfork Ranger District.. USDA, Forest Service. 1998. East Fork/Smoky Creek watershed analysis. South Fork Trinity River, Shasta Trinity National Forest, Hayfork Ranger District. 86
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MAPPINGCOMMUNITIES ETHICS, VALUES,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS vi vii viii 1 11
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ACRONYMS AMA: adaptive management a
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INTRODUCTION MAPPING POWER: IRONIC
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARTICIPATORY
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APPENDIX I: FORMAL INTERVIEWS AND G
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APPENDIX II: RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND
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land-use plans in various stages of
Page 39 and 40:
egan to argue that these areas were
Page 41 and 42: conflicts. The NTFP also assists vi
Page 43 and 44: illegal logging activities and to s
Page 45 and 46: property is defined according to th
Page 47 and 48: the real outside pressure has not y
Page 49 and 50: 7. How well do NTFP staff members u
Page 51 and 52: further and further away from areas
Page 53 and 54: Methods Projecting aerial photograp
Page 55 and 56: RESEARCH QUESTIONS The underlying q
Page 57 and 58: In Samout Krom Village, villagers h
Page 59 and 60: who have not attended the sketch ma
Page 61 and 62: concrete sensorial experiences much
Page 63 and 64: CONCLUSION Based on mapping researc
Page 65 and 66: BACKGROUND According to the MIGIS p
Page 67 and 68: many schools, resulting in the clos
Page 69 and 70: members, the Beima, and villagers'
Page 71 and 72: tree cutting and animal grazing in
Page 73 and 74: the bio-gas project that was implem
Page 75 and 76: During the evaluation process we al
Page 77 and 78: 1 Mr. Zhao Yaqiao, Ms. Wu Chengrui,
Page 79 and 80: Events / Dates Bio-gas systems cons
Page 81 and 82: communities to take advantage of SI
Page 83 and 84: Hayfork based NGO focused on commun
Page 85 and 86: likely to be more knowledgeable abo
Page 87 and 88: planning processes, especially with
Page 89 and 90: and implement projects. Some NGOs a
Page 91: CONCLUSIONS SIT training provides p
Page 95 and 96: map strengthened the community's cl
Page 97 and 98: 1994 and 1995 with community mapper
Page 99 and 100: to the mapping. These disagreements
Page 101 and 102: CONCLUSIONS For too long now, the D
Page 103 and 104: APPENDIX B The table below lists th
Page 105 and 106: uncritically or simply misused. As
Page 107 and 108: However, the equipment acquired for
Page 109 and 110: degrees in social sciences, agricul
Page 111 and 112: photo: Martin Hardiono photo: Marti
Page 113 and 114: REFERENCES Herlihy, P. H., and G. K
Page 115 and 116: eserve boundaries, develop a common
Page 117 and 118: NGO that focused on facilitating co
Page 119 and 120: left their organizations within a y
Page 121 and 122: eadily use the available computer a
Page 123 and 124: local capacity both in terms of ski
Page 125: Nusa Tenggara Community Development
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