MANUAL SPORT ENVIRONMENT

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1.4 POLLUTION 14 Pollution is defined as the pres ence of haz ardous gas es, partic les and solid and/or liquid substances , or of excess iv e amounts of normal constituents in the atmos phere, water and land bodies. Pollution may impinge on economic activities, degrade ecosys tems including their natural res ourc es, harm human health and des troy aes thetic v alues of landsc ape. Pollutants travel relativ ely easily through the different parts of the ec osystem. Was hing out from soil into the groundw ater, air deposition over s oils and w aters, runoff from roads into riv ers are s ome of the process es w hich contribute to global contamination. Once in the environment, pollutants are absorbed by plants, animals and finally humans, and endanger the health of thes e organis ms. Sport is a human activ ity w hich produc es w aste (domestic and haz ardous), uses subs tances, and c ould be a potential polluter. Some sports fac ilities may contain toxic subs tances like c ooling agents or c hlorine (e.g. in sw imming pools). Figure 4: Pollutants are emitted in the air, water and soil Water (groun dw ater and surface w ater are potential resources of drinking water) • untreated w astew ater flow ing into lakes , rivers and oceans • groundw ater pollution through the runoff of fertilizers and pesticides used in s ports facilities, maintenance (e.g. sports fields) • direct releas e of toxic substances
15 Air • emiss ion of gas from transportation (building facilities, traveling to sports fac ilities) • other emiss ions from f acilities Soil • pollution of soil due to agroc hemicals used to treat grassland for play ing fields • contamination of soil through haz ardous w aste (industry, building) 1.5 RESSOURCE AND WASTE M ANAGEM ENT Resources encompass all the elements, goods and energy used to meet the needs of people and to enable the infrastructures to be built and maintained. Was te is all the materials for which there is no further use in the event and w hich need to be disposed of. Therefore, res ourc es may be compared to an inc oming flow allow ing an event to liv e, w hereas w aste is the event's outgoing flow . Res ources and w aste are closely intertw ined, given that the use of resourc es almost alw ays generate w aste w hich has to be treated or disposed of. Uns ound exploit at ion of res ourc es has greatly c ontributed to the current ecologic al problems of the w orld. The amount of energy and raw materials used by each person rises cons tantly and leads to a drop in available resourc es and an increase in w aste. Res ources are either "renew able" or 'non-renew able". • Renewable resources are unlimited and may be ex ploited w ithout ex haust ing their stoc k, w hich returns to its prev ious level by natural proc esses suc h as grow th or replenis hment. Water, timber, s olar energy , fishery are s ome natural renew able resourc es. These resourc es are renew able on the c ondition of s ustainable exploitation not exceeding the self-regeneration capac ity. Over-fis hing or the clear cutting of tropic al forests do not allow a regeneration and lead to the ex haustion of those res ources . • Non-renew able resources suc h as foss il fuels and metal ores exis t in limited quantities and are unable to be regenerated after exploitation. Their overexploitation therefore leads to their ex haustion in the s hort or long term. Many nonrenew able resourc es are located in the Earth's crust and are thus is olated from ecosystems. Their exploitation (extraction, transformation processes, transport,
Page 1 and 2: 1 MANUAL ON SPORT AND THE ENVIRONME
Page 3 and 4: CHAPTER III: IOC ENVIRONM ENTAL POL
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD 5 Over the last dec ade, t
Page 7 and 8: 7 reinforc ed this trend by creatin
Page 9 and 10: 9 Potentially , sport c an generate
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 11 Bi
Page 13: Destruction or m odification of the
Page 17 and 18: 17 is affected if the quality of th
Page 19 and 20: 19 CHAPTER II: ENVIRONM ENTAL RECOM
Page 21 and 22: 21 authorities to comply w ith them
Page 23 and 24: most of their habits in order to ma
Page 25 and 26: 25 minimizing use protects the env
Page 27 and 28: 27 Although this partnership c an b
Page 29 and 30: 29 requires that env ironmental imp
Page 31 and 32: 31 • Outline the env ironmental o
Page 33 and 34: - protected sites - forests - w ate
Page 35 and 36: 35 supplied w ith w ater, energy an
Page 37 and 38: industry to meet env ironmental cha
Page 39 and 40: 39 saving meas ures • reduc e (he
Page 41 and 42: plants located in y our region •
Page 43 and 44: 43 CHAPTER III: ENVIRONM ENTAL POLI
Page 45 and 46: Rule 2, paragr aph 13 45 (...) to e
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 ENVIRONM ENTAL REQ UIREM ENTS F
Page 49 and 50: GLOSSARY 49 (adapted from UN, W HO
Page 51 and 52: 51 Recycling: processing and use of
Page 53: BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 Association Suisse

MANUAL SPORT ENVIRONMENT

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