MANUAL SPORT ENVIRONMENT

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16 use and dispos al) leads to the emiss ion of substanc es foreign to the biosphere, w hich are often harmf ul to living organis ms (such as heavy metals or fossil fuel gass es). Many of thes e tox ic substances are released through w aste treatment or disposal. Ever-greater amounts of w astes are generated by human c ommunities and their management is a formidable challenge for public authorities. The impacts of the different kinds of w astes - domes tic , industrial or ev en haz ardous - vary greatly in magnitude. Certain types of w aste create little more than unpleasantness (s mell, dirtiness), w hile others are highly toxic. Sports events als o draw on res ources , w hich are either renew able or non-renew able, and produc e w aste. The quantity of resourc es used and the c onsequential amount of w aste to be c ollected, trans ported and treated or disposed of, depends mainly on the size of the event. Res ources are needed in the follow ing ac tiv ities: • catering (food, drinks), accommodation, w ater supply and s anitation • managing the event (especially w ater and energy use) • building and maintaining the facilities • transportation of people and goods (energy use) Different kinds of w aste are produc ed, sometimes in great quantities: • domestic w aste from the event itself (programmes or merc handis ing produc ts), from catering (e.g. disposable c ups) or from accommodation • industrial or haz ardous w aste from spec ific activities (e.g. products used in maintenanc e and trans port activities) w hich needs particular treatment Problems related to resource and w aste in sports events • excessiv e w ater use in comparison w ith the quantity of w ater available (w hich drains resourc es) • energy produced w ith non-renew able resources (coal, f uel, etc.) • transport using fossil fuels • excessiv e quantities of w aste (haz ardous and domes tic) w hich local w aste management s erv ices are unable to collect, trans port and treat properly • toxic w aste spec ific to a sport or a facility and w hose inappropriate treatment generates pollution 1.6 HEALTH AND SAFETY Environmental haz ards can lead to a w ide range of health effects. Thes e may vary in type, intens ity and magnitude depending on the type of hazards to w hich people hav e been ex pos ed, their lev el of expos ure and the number of people affected. For many people, sport is c losely related to the environment in w hich it is practised. Being in nature contributes v ery often to the pleasure and w ell-being that people feel w hen prac tising sport. In an ecologically degraded area, it may be difficult, if not impossible, to prac tis e certain sports. An unhealthy environment not only hurts the athlete but also hinders the motivation of individuals to practise sport in the first place. Outdoor sports training
17 is affected if the quality of the area is poor, e.g. jogging in s mog-polluted cities or canoeing in bacteriologic ally unsafe w ater. Potential sources of health problem s • lack of access to s afe-drinking w ater and poor quality of drinking w ater • lack of basic sanitation • poor air quality (airborne s mog, indoor air quality , high ozone c oncentration, etc.) • w ater sports in dirty w ater (pollutants, bac teria, toxic chemic als, pesticides, etc.) • sport in c ontaminated areas (e.g. through tox ic w astes, pestic ide res idues or heavy metals) • sports facilities dangerous for population (suc h as ski trails that may caus e avalanc hes bec ause of defores tation, or use of substances harmf ul to humans , such as cooling agents or pesticides to maintain the facilities) and sports fac ilities w ith poor maintenanc e c onditions • global c hange and c ontamination affecting the entire ec osphere, making the prac tise of sport unc omf ortable if not impossible (ozone lay er depletion, climate change, hahitat/biodiv ers ity loss, radioactiv e c ontamination, accumulation of tox ins , soil and w ater c ontamination, ac id rain) • nois e pollution during sports events (can c aus e s tress to population) 1.7 NUISANCES Nuisances are not environmental impacts in themselves, but rather a threat to the quality of community life. How ever, they may affect the fauna in some c ases. Nuis anc es are mainly nois e dis turbances , but vibrations and other types of nuis anc e may also occur. Sport may generate nuisances that can become unbearable for the neighbouring community or ec osystems. Thes e nuis ances c an occur either on a continuous or occasional bas is. Potential sour ces of nuisances • nois e and traffic during the construction phase of sports fac ilities • nois e and traffic due to the organiz ation of large-scale s ports events • nois e and pollution due to public celebrations after s ports ev ents • nois e due to the use of sports fac ilities loc ated in inhabited areas (tennis , basketball) • flood lights of s ports facilities (dis turbing birds) 1.8 SAFEGUARD OF CULTURAL HERITAGE Loc al communities have a vital role to play in environmental management and dev elopment bec ause of their particular know ledge and traditional prac tices. Their identity, culture and interes ts should be recognized and s hould not prevent them from participating in the ac hiev ement of sustainable development. Similarly , w hen organizing a sports ev ent or building s ports facilities , this aspect must be taken into account. Efforts must thus be made to protect and enhanc e significant
Page 1 and 2: 1 MANUAL ON SPORT AND THE ENVIRONME
Page 3 and 4: CHAPTER III: IOC ENVIRONM ENTAL POL
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD 5 Over the last dec ade, t
Page 7 and 8: 7 reinforc ed this trend by creatin
Page 9 and 10: 9 Potentially , sport c an generate
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 11 Bi
Page 13 and 14: Destruction or m odification of the
Page 15: 15 Air • emiss ion of gas from tr
Page 19 and 20: 19 CHAPTER II: ENVIRONM ENTAL RECOM
Page 21 and 22: 21 authorities to comply w ith them
Page 23 and 24: most of their habits in order to ma
Page 25 and 26: 25 minimizing use protects the env
Page 27 and 28: 27 Although this partnership c an b
Page 29 and 30: 29 requires that env ironmental imp
Page 31 and 32: 31 • Outline the env ironmental o
Page 33 and 34: - protected sites - forests - w ate
Page 35 and 36: 35 supplied w ith w ater, energy an
Page 37 and 38: industry to meet env ironmental cha
Page 39 and 40: 39 saving meas ures • reduc e (he
Page 41 and 42: plants located in y our region •
Page 43 and 44: 43 CHAPTER III: ENVIRONM ENTAL POLI
Page 45 and 46: Rule 2, paragr aph 13 45 (...) to e
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 ENVIRONM ENTAL REQ UIREM ENTS F
Page 49 and 50: GLOSSARY 49 (adapted from UN, W HO
Page 51 and 52: 51 Recycling: processing and use of
Page 53: BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 Association Suisse

MANUAL SPORT ENVIRONMENT

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