MANUAL SPORT ENVIRONMENT

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28 issues. Sports ev ents organiz ers need adv ice, support and a netw ork of relev ant expertis e from w hich to draw . A l conc erned parties should be present w hen defining problems and s eeking solutions. 2.5 <strong>ENVIRONMENT</strong>ALLY SOUND EVENTS MANAGEMENT An env ironmentally sound management of all sports events should be undertaken. Although large-scale sports events usually rais e concern about env ironmental protection, s maller activities must als o focus on thes e issues becaus e of the pollution and degradation w hich may be caused by those attending. The objective is to offer recommendations for eac h kind of ev ent, w hether large or s mall. Some recommendations are more specifically designed for large-scale events ; yet they may be applied, at least partially , to community events w ith minimal facilities. The aim should be for every pers on, c lub or organization to reduce their env ironmental impact, ev en by a s mall measure. 2.5.1 Environmental Protection Concepts The need to safeguard the env ironment underscores other needs such as identifying the problems at hand and dev eloping strategies and actions to s olve them. In order to integrate env ironmental concerns at eac h level of a s ports activity, it is nec essary to keep in mind the conc epts s how n in Figure 6. Figu re 6: Envir onm e ntal prot ection concepts These principles can be applied to every aspect of a sports event or sports organiz ation, particularly in the early stages of planning. In this regard, it is w orth noting that prevention measures are usually cheaper than remedial measures, as the latter may include restoration, reforestation and w aste treatment taxes. • Preventive measures When planning an event, env ironmental prevention measures should be inc luded. Although s ome emphasis must be laid on modifying process es and behaviors, the reduction of environmental impacts must remain the primary objectiv e. This princ iple
29 requires that env ironmental impac ts be avoided from the very outs et. If this is not poss ible, s uc h impacts s hould be reduc ed or replaced by other produc ts, management sys tems or technologies. The "cradle to grave", or "life cycle ass ess ment" (LCA) princ iple should also be adopted, together w ith the conc ept of "product stew ardship" w hich stipulates that all the nec essary steps to minimiz e environmental impac ts be integrated into a product, from the extraction of raw material, through the manufac turing process , use of product, rec ov ery and reuse of w astes, to their ultimate dispos al. • Corrective m easures Environmental meas ures must als o be applied to reduc e effects both during and after a sports event. This means recycling, eliminating and compensating. The application of the "polluter pays" principle, although obv ious in its implications, also provides an incentive to dev elop environmentally friendly products, us es and approac hes. Suc h a principle mus t therefore be extended to all sports ev ents, w ith compensation projects paying for env ironmental deterioration, preferably in the form of restoration. All the abov e princ iples may, by extens ion, be applied to organizational and operational functions. 2.5.2 M ethodology Events management refers to all ac tions necessary to plan, organize and stage a sports event, w hatev er its s iz e. All types of ev ents may be considered: • large-scale ev ents (Olympic Games, University Games, regional games, World Cups and championships) • national and loc al competitions • univ ersity and school events • professional sport • recreational and training programmes • outdoor education Onc e the interested parties hav e been brought together, a cooperation proc ess should ens ue. Depending on the size of the event, the organizers w ill develop a w ork methodology, adding some items for a major event and w ithdraw ing others in the event of smaller activities. A w ork methodology is proposed below . Whatever the cas e, the follow ing steps should he taken: • define the environmental state and the effects generated by the ev ent • select objectives • choos e w ays to achieve thos e objectiv es Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are proc esses w hich ass ist organiz ers in planning and managing events in an environmentally sound manner. A n EIA examines the potential impacts of a project on different components of the
Page 1 and 2: 1 MANUAL ON SPORT AND THE ENVIRONME
Page 3 and 4: CHAPTER III: IOC ENVIRONM ENTAL POL
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD 5 Over the last dec ade, t
Page 7 and 8: 7 reinforc ed this trend by creatin
Page 9 and 10: 9 Potentially , sport c an generate
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 11 Bi
Page 13 and 14: Destruction or m odification of the
Page 15 and 16: 15 Air • emiss ion of gas from tr
Page 17 and 18: 17 is affected if the quality of th
Page 19 and 20: 19 CHAPTER II: ENVIRONM ENTAL RECOM
Page 21 and 22: 21 authorities to comply w ith them
Page 23 and 24: most of their habits in order to ma
Page 25 and 26: 25 minimizing use protects the env
Page 27: 27 Although this partnership c an b
Page 31 and 32: 31 • Outline the env ironmental o
Page 33 and 34: - protected sites - forests - w ate
Page 35 and 36: 35 supplied w ith w ater, energy an
Page 37 and 38: industry to meet env ironmental cha
Page 39 and 40: 39 saving meas ures • reduc e (he
Page 41 and 42: plants located in y our region •
Page 43 and 44: 43 CHAPTER III: ENVIRONM ENTAL POLI
Page 45 and 46: Rule 2, paragr aph 13 45 (...) to e
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 ENVIRONM ENTAL REQ UIREM ENTS F
Page 49 and 50: GLOSSARY 49 (adapted from UN, W HO
Page 51 and 52: 51 Recycling: processing and use of
Page 53: BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 Association Suisse

MANUAL SPORT ENVIRONMENT

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