Design for Accessibility: A Cultural Administrator's Handbook

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Civil Rights for People with Disabilities: Framing the Discussion No discussion on accessibility is complete without understanding the history of accessibility as a civil right. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 are significant laws in the United States’ long history of enacting legislation to ensure the civil rights of its people. The concept of civil rights in this country began with the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Unfortunately, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness,” although promising in sentiment, did not provide specifics. Hence, the disability rights movement, although relatively new, vividly brings the needs, concerns and rights of people with disabilities to national attention. 1776: The Declaration of Independence states “all men are created equal.” 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolishes slavery. 1868: The Fourteenth Amendment holds that no state can deny any U.S. citizen equal protection under the law. 1920: The Nineteenth Amendment grants women the right to vote. 1935: The League of the Physically Handicapped, New York City, protests discrimination against people with disabilities by federal relief programs with sit-ins, picket lines and demonstrations. 1964: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, national origin or religion, and prohibits public access discrimination. 1967: The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits age discrimination for 40 to 65-year-olds. In 1986, it is amended to remove the 65-year-old age cap. 1968: The Architectural Barriers Act mandates that federally constructed buildings and facilities be accessible to people with physical disabilities. 1970: Disabled in Action organizes, after a successful employment discrimination suit against New York City’s public school system, and files litigation on behalf of disability rights in several cities. 1971: The U.S. District Court of Alabama, in a crucial victory for de-institutionalization, rules that people with disabilities cannot be locked away in “custodial institutions” without treatment or education. 1971: Disabled activists in Washington, DC demonstrate to protest the Presidential veto of what will become the Rehabilitation Act. Continued on inside back cover
Design for Accessibility A CULTURAL ADMINISTRATOR’S HANDBOOK National Assembly of State Arts Agencies KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION COMMUNITY Cover Artwork Alex Wilhite, “Illusion of Red & Blue,” 1988, acrylic on canvas, 38 x 28 inches. Courtesy of VSA arts Gallery, ©Alex Wilhite, 1994. Postminimalist Alex Wilhite’s large-scale works are boldly abstract, geometrically precise and typically characterized by bright, strong colors. He makes his own paint from earth materials and uses acid-free paper, canvas and wood. Wilhite is a graduate of the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, and his work has been shown throughout the United States and Europe.
Page 1: Design for Accessibility A Cultural
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD Every person in America, i
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Foreword . . . .
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1 1 Planning With Inclusion
Page 11 and 12: Planning with Inclusion as the Goal
Page 13 and 14: Planning With Inclusion as the Goal
Page 15 and 16: Planning with Inclusion as the Goal
Page 18 and 19: Smithsonian Institution, Washington
Page 20 and 21: 16 Chapter 2 Three pieces of federa
Page 22 and 23: 18 Chapter 2 directly or indirectly
Page 24 and 25: 20 Chapter 2 of 1968 (ABA) and the
Page 26 and 27: 22 Chapter 2 law. State and local l
Page 28 and 29: 24 Chapter 2 Best Practice: Apply a
Page 30 and 31: 26 Chapter 2 usability of a primary
Page 32 and 33: 28 Chapter 2 Organizations must not
Page 34 and 35: 30 Chapter 2 reasonable accommodati
Page 36 and 37: 32 Chapter 2 Undue burden is the st
Page 38 and 39: 34 Chapter 2 an individual with a d
Page 40 and 41: 36 Chapter 2 Q. What are some of th
Page 42 and 43: 38 Chapter 2 Q. Can an employer be
Page 44 and 45: 40 Chapter 2 For example, employers
Page 46 and 47: 42 Chapter 2 Q. What financial assi
Page 48 and 49: 44 Chapter 2 Q. Does title II cover
Page 50 and 51: 46 Chapter 2 Public Accommodations
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48 Chapter 2 Q. Will businesses nee
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50 Chapter 2 Q. How does the ADA af
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52 Chapter 2 RESOURCES ACCESS AS A
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Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles, CA:
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56 Chapter 3 Principle One: Equitab
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58 Chapter 3 Universal Design Examp
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60 Chapter 3 4. Prioritize projects
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62 Chapter 3 A Hazard at Small Chan
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64 Chapter 3 Off-site Parking If of
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66 Chapter 3 32" Minimum Clear Widt
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68 Chapter 3 4. Interior Accessible
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70 Chapter 3 Interior Ramps The bes
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72 Chapter 3 Elevator control butto
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74 Chapter 3 Telephones Public tele
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76 Chapter 3 Ticket Office Window I
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78 Chapter 3 Shops Make gift shops
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80 Chapter 3 Alternate Toilet Stall
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82 Chapter 3 Work Areas - Dressing
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84 Chapter 3 SURVEYS AND CHECKLISTS
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CHAPTER 4 Architectural Access to H
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Architectural Access to Historic Pr
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Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, NJ:
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98 Chapter 5 For People Who Are Bli
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100 Chapter 5 Computers, Web Sites
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102 Chapter 5 Try to incorporate ta
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104 Chapter 5 the receiver with or
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106 Chapter 5 A common location for
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108 Chapter 5 • • • • •
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110 Chapter 5 RESOURCES ASSISTIVE L
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112 Chapter 5 “Making Text Legibl
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Heard Museum, Phoenix, AZ: Sculptur
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116 Chapter 6 3. Make certain that
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118 Chapter 6 Labels Pay careful at
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120 Chapter 6 Examine interactive e
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122 Chapter 6 Aisle Space for One B
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124 Chapter 6 Uniform Federal Acces
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126 Chapter 6 selected must provide
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128 Chapter 6 disabilities working
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130 Chapter 6 Literary Activities L
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132 Chapter 6 TOURS FOR VISITORS WH
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134 Chapter 6 The Access Board An i
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CHAPTER 7 Meetings, Panels, Lecture
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Meetings, Panels, Lectures and Conf
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CHAPTER 8 Training for Staff, Board
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Training for Staff, Board Members,
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Tygress Heart Shakespeare Company,
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156 Chapter 9 Build relationships o
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158 Chapter 9 set up booths and dis
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160 Chapter 9 How to Communicate a
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Arena Stage, Washington, DC: “The
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164 Chapter 10 resources for this e
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Civil Rights for People with Disabi
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Design for Accessibility: A Cultural Administrator's Handbook

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