Maize in India: Production Systems, Constraints - AgEcon Search

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different types of maize varieties grown. However,
maize production in some areas, such as Jhabua and
Mandsaur in Madhya Pradesh, Hardoi in Uttar Pradesh,
and Udaipur and Bhilwara in Rajasthan, was much less
mechanized as compared to the Bulandshar district of
Uttar Pradesh, where average tractor power use was
26.4 machine-hours/ha, and animal power use was
negligible. In terms of the share of total operational
costs, that of machine power ranged from 7% (10.3
machine-hours/ha) to 13% (26.2 machine-hours/ha).
Overall, current input use in Indian maize production is
far below recommended levels. Inorganic fertilizers are
applied with the use of improved cultivars and
irrigation. In the Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh,
where farmers are very poor, maize is grown in
marginal rainfed environments, not fertilized at all, and
grown only for subsistence. Across the surveyed
districts/states, fertilizer use in maize production ranged
from 38.4 kg/ha in Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, to 329.4 kg/
ha in Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh. Maize farmers also
commonly applied farmyard manure, varying from 500
kg/ha for local/traditional varieties in Begusarai, Bihar,
to 5.7 t/ha for hybrid pr oduction in Nizamabad, Andhra
Pradesh. The use of fertilizers and FYM was higher in the
non-traditional hybrid maize growing areas. The
availability and use of FYM varied from one household
to another, depending mainly on the number of farm
animals reared at home. Since most farmers continue to
grow local/traditional cultivars under rainfed conditions,
the use of other material inputs is also low. As such,
there is enough scope for raising nutrient use across all
maize types in all study sites, to incr ease maize
production levels in India.
Table 13c. Resource use pattern in maize production (hybrid varieties) in selected traditional and non-traditional maize
growing states of India, 2001. †
Labor(person- Bullock Farmyard Interest Rental value
days/ (pair-days/ Tractor Seed Fertilizer manure Irrigation on capital of owned
State District ha) ha) (hrs/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (t/ha) (hrs/ha) (16% p.a) land(Rs/ha)
Traditional maize-growing areas
Bihar Munger 68.94 1.48 15.65 6.83 133.22 2.16 8.20 213.50 1,000.03
(48.44) (2.60) (11.00) (4.00) (7.80) (3.80) (4.80) (2.50) (11.71)
Siwan 70.00 1.47 18.78 6.28 133.02 2.65 9.05 249.42 1,312.72
(45.47) (2.40) (12.20) (3.40) (7.20) (4.30) (4.90) (2.70) (14.21)
Begusarai 108.96 1.99 24.11 13.55 187.68 3.04 11.40 286.74 1,500.21
(50.16) (2.30) (11.10) (5.20) (7.20) (3.50) (4.40) (2.20) (11.51)
Madhya Pradesh Jhabua 57.08 2.99 0.00 2.92 0.00 3.16 0.00 0.00 437.31
(67.91) (8.90) (0.00) (2.90) (0.00) (9.40) (0.00) (0.00) ( 8.67)
Mandsaur 91.25 4.00 10.34 6.78 77.55 3.81 5.80 126.02 1,000.42
(56.48) (6.20) (6.40) (3.50) (4.00) (5.90) (3.00) (1.30) (10.32)
Chindwara 96.65 3.00 13.69 9.00 159.87 3.98 15.10 247.69 968.27
(51.51) (4.00) (7.30) (4.00) (7.10) (5.30) (6.70) (2.20) (8.60)
Rajasthan Banswara 108.96 3.69 19.96 19.16 186.61 3.03 11.60 290.00 793.10
(51.85) (4.40) (9.50) (7.60) (7.40) (3.60) (4.60) (2.30) (6.29)
Bhilwara 68.96 2.15 13.99 6.78 132.38 2.15 8.23 209.87 531.13
(51.26) (4.00) (10.40) (4.20) (8.20) (4.00) (5.10) (2.60) (6.58)
Udaipur 100.82 3.65 14.93 12.09 159.08 2.99 10.53 224.06 793.17
(54.00) (4.90) (8.00) (5.40) (7.10) (4.00) (4.70) (2.00) (7.08)
Uttar Pradesh Behraich 112.09 3.18 19.12 14.95 203.72 3.35 12.12 283.66 911.60
(52.16) (3.70) (8.90) (5.80) (7.90) (3.90) (4.70) (2.20) (7.07)
Hardoi 100.82 3.65 14.93 12.09 159.08 2.99 10.53 224.06 793.17
(54.00) (4.90) (8.00) (5.40) (7.10) (4.00) (4.70) (2.00) (7.08)
Bulandshar 109.22 0.00 26.30 17.38 238.07 4.01 14.98 280.87 1,187.70
(49.00) (0.00) (11.80) (6.50) (8.90) (4.50) (5.60) (2.10) (8.88)
Non-traditional maize-growing areas
Andhra Pradesh Nizamabad 125.73 0.00 28.85 24.87 329.39 5.71 22.18 420.15 1,749.50
(44.89) (0.00) (10.30) (7.40) (9.80) (5.10) (6.60) (2.50) (10.41)
Karimnagar 117.08 1.65 15.89 16.35 141.22 3.79 6.44 235.37 1,186.77
(56.71) (2.00) (7.70) (6.60) (5.70) (4.60) (2.60) (1.90) (9.58)
Mahbobnagar 108.33 1.83 10.49 16.93 119.01 2.98 8.93 366.20 937.26
(56.80) (2.40) (5.50) (7.40) (5.20) (3.90) (3.90) (3.20) (8.19)
Karnataka Chitradurga 128.76 0.00 23.34 23.19 247.03 5.32 21.99 316.32 905.28
(51.29) (0.00) (9.30) (7.70) (8.20) (5.30) (7.30) (2.10) (6.01)
Dharwad 106.88 2.86 16.68 15.60 215.80 4.59 13.92 234.00 1,313.00
(49.33) (3.30) (7.70) (6.00) (8.30) (5.30) (5.20) (1.80) (10.10)
Belgaum 98.35 2.33 18.56 20.36 220.65 3.87 16.52 201.36 1,300.12
(51.70) (3.60) (6.70) (6.30) (9.30) (4.50) (4.10) (2.30) (7.85)
Source: IFAD-CIMMYT-India RRA Surveys, 2001.
†
Figures in parentheses indicate % of total operational costs.