Maize in India: Production Systems, Constraints - AgEcon Search

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iii Contents Page No. Tables ...............................................................................................................................iv Figures ............................................................................................................................... v Appendices ............................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... vi 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Characterization of Maize Production Environments ....................................................... 1 2. Maize Production Trends and Systems ............................................................................... 4 2.1 Maize Production Trends ................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Maize Production Systems ............................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 Adoption of improved varieties ............................................................................ 6 2.2.2 Crop rotation and calendar .................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Land and crop management practices ................................................................... 8 2.2.4 Input use and levels .............................................................................................. 9 2.2.5 Yield levels ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.6 Economics of maize production .......................................................................... 13 2.2.7 Post harvest practices and product/by-product utilization patterns ...................... 16 3. Maize Production Constraints ........................................................................................... 18 3.1 Biotic and Abiotic Constraints....................................................................................... 18 3.2 Institutional and Economic Constraints ......................................................................... 19 3.2.1 Output prices ...................................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 Markets ............................................................................................................... 20 3.2.3 Technological know-how .................................................................................... 20 4. Priority Constraints for Research....................................................................................... 21 4.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 21 4.1.1 Abiotic and biotic constraints .............................................................................. 21 4.1.2 Low prices .......................................................................................................... 21 4.1.3 Lack of markets ................................................................................................... 22 4.1.4 Non-availability of improved cultivars ................................................................. 22 4.2 Prioritization of Maize Production Constraints ............................................................... 22 4.2.1 Abiotic and biotic constraints .............................................................................. 22 4.2.2 Socio-economic constraints ................................................................................. 23 5. Agenda for Maize Research and Development in India ................................................... 24 5.1 Regional Priorities ........................................................................................................ 24 5.1.1 Central and western regions ............................................................................... 25 5.1.2 Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar .......................................................................... 25 5.1.3 Southern region .................................................................................................. 25 5.1.4 Anticipatory research .......................................................................................... 27 5.2 National Research Priorities .......................................................................................... 27 6. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................ 30 7. References ......................................................................................................................... 32
iv Tables Page No. Table 1. Socio-economic and infrastructure development indicators in maize agro-ecological regions, India, 1999..................................................................................... 2 Table 2. Salient agro-climatic features of selected districts, India, 2001. ........................................................... 3 Table 3. Salient socio-economic and technology adoption features in selected districts, India, 2001. ............... 3 Table 4. Annual compound growth rates (%) of area, production, and yield of maize, coarse cereals, and food grains in India. ............................................................................................. 4 Table 5. Maize production, area, and yield in selected states of India. ............................................................. 4 Table 6. Annual compound growth rates (%) of maize production in selected states of India. .......................... 5 Table 7. Season-wise area under different maize cultivars (as % of total maize area) in selected states of India, 2001. ........................................................................................................ 6 Table 8. Existing cultural practices for maize cultivation in selected states of India, 2001. ................................ 8 Table 9. Cost of maize production (Rs/ha) in selected states of India, 1996/97................................................. 9 Table 10. Average seed use (kg/ha) of different maize cultivars by season in selected states of India, 2001. ............................................................................................................ 9 Table 11. Input use for maize production in selected states of India, 2001. ...................................................... 10 Table 12. Use of family and hired labor (person-days/ha) in maize production by type of cultivar in selected states of India, 2001. .............................................................................. 10 Table 13a. Resource use pattern in maize production (local varieties) in selected traditional maize growing states of India, 2001. ............................................................................... 11 Table 13b. Resource use patterns in maize production (composite maize) in selected traditional maize growing states of India, 2001. ............................................................................... 11 Table 13c. Resource use pattern in maize production (hybrid varieties) in selected traditional and non-traditional maize growing states of India, 2001. ................................................. 12 Table 14. Yield (t/ha) of different types of maize cultivars in selected states of India, 2001. ............................. 13 Table 15a. Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) of various maize cultivars in selected states of India, 2001. ...................... 14 Table 15b. Net returns over cost (Rs/ha) of various maize cultivars in selected states of India, 2001. ................. 14 Table 15c. Unit cost of production (Rs/kg) of various cultivars in selected states of India, 2001. ......................... 15 Table 16. Maize area (%) and possible strategies for improving production efficiency, by yield and cost of production category, India, 2001. ..................................................................... 16 Table 17. Maize utilization and marketing (% of total maize production) in selected states of India, 2001. ....... 17 Table 18. Important biotic constraints affecting maize production in selected states of India, 2001. ................. 18 Table 19. Important abiotic constraints affecting maize production in selected states of India, 2001. ............... 19 Table 20. Prices of winter season harvested maize (Rs/kg) in selected states of India, 2001. ............................ 19 Table 21. Prices of rainy season harvested maize (Rs/kg) in selected states of India, 2001. ............................... 20 Table 22a. Prioritization of major constraints to maize production in traditional maize growing areas (BIMARU states), India, 2001. ......................................................................... 22 Table 22b. Prioritization of major constraints to maize production in non-traditional maize growing areas (KAP states), India, 2001. ................................................................................ 23 Table 23. Prioritization of socio-economic constraints to maize production in selected traditional and non-traditional maize growing states of India, 2001. .................................................................. 23 Table 24. Top 10 priority constraints for maize research by region and rainfall regime, India, 2001. ................. 26 Table 25. Overall research prioritization for maize in India, 2001. .................................................................... 28
Page 1 and 2: P.K. Joshi N.P. Singh N.N. Singh R.
Page 3: CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.org) is an int
Page 7 and 8: vi Acknowledgments This project was
Page 9 and 10: 2 Table 1. Socio-economic and infra
Page 11 and 12: 4 2. Maize Production Trends and Sy
Page 13 and 14: 6 Egg production 7000 Maize product
Page 15 and 16: 8 2.2.3 Land and crop management pr
Page 17 and 18: 10 Table 11. Input use for maize pr
Page 19 and 20: 12 different types of maize varieti
Page 21 and 22: 14 lower than that of composites an
Page 23 and 24: 16 Regions were grouped into four c
Page 25 and 26: 18 3. Maize Production Constraints
Page 27 and 28: 20 3.2.2 Markets As in other develo
Page 29 and 30: 22 4.1.3 Lack of markets Due to ina
Page 31 and 32: 24 5. Agenda for Maize Research and
Page 33 and 34: 26 Table 24. Top 10 priority constr
Page 35 and 36: 28 If all research objectives (effi
Page 37 and 38: 30 6. Summary and Conclusions Durin
Page 39 and 40: 32 References Centre for Monitoring
Page 41 and 42: 34 Appendix 3. Maize cultivation ca
Page 43 and 44: 36 Appendix 4. Production constrain
Page 45 and 46: 38 Appendix 5. Production constrain
Page 47 and 48: 40 Appendix 6. Prioritization of bi
Page 49 and 50: 42 Appendix 7. Value of damage due

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