Maize in India: Production Systems, Constraints - AgEcon Search

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Appendix 6. Prioritization of biotic and abiotic constraints to maize production in selected states and
agro-ecological regions of India, 2001.
Constraint
by state Yield loss Area Proba- Value of
and agro- due to affected by bility damage
ecological constraint constraint of (Rs. Priority
region (%) (%) occurrence million † ) rank
BIHAR – South Bihar alluvial plain
Echinocloa 15.0 100 1.0 181.74 1
Cynodon dactylon 15.0 100 1.0 181.74 2
Rats 10.0 100 1.0 121.16 3
Termites 15.0 80 0.8 116.31 4
Stem borer 7.5 90 1.0 81.78 5
Caterpillar 7.5 90 1.0 81.78 6
Weevil 6.0 100 1.0 72.70 7
Zinc deficiency 7.5 100 0.8 72.70 8
Water stress 10.0 75 0.5 45.44 9
Leaf blight 7.5 75 0.5 34.08 10
Late planting 7.5 50 0.5 22.72 11
Flooding 25.0 25 0.3 22.72 12
Wilting 25.0 25 0.3 22.72 13
Rusts 3.5 75 0.6 19.08 14
Total 1,076.66
BIHAR – Northwest alluvial plain
Echinocloa 15.0 100 1.0 663.93 1
C. dactylon 15.0 100 1.0 663.93 2
Rats 12.5 100 1.0 553.28 3
Water stress 10.0 100 1.0 442.62 4
Termites 15.0 80 0.8 424.92 5
Zinc deficiency 7.5 100 1.0 331.97 6
Stem borer 7.5 90 1.0 298.77 7
Caterpillar 7.5 90 1.0 298.77 8
Weevil 6.0 100 1.0 265.57 9
Cutworm 12.5 50 0.5 138.32 10
Leaf blight 7.5 50 0.5 82.99 11
Late planting 7.5 50 0.3 41.50 12
Rusts 3.5 50 0.5 38.73 13
Total 4,245.31
BIHAR – Northeastern alluvial plain
Rats 12.5 100 1.0 403.98 1
C. dactylon 12.5 100 1.0 403.98 2
Echinocloa 12.5 100 1.0 403.98 3
Rusts 12.5 75 0.7 212.09 4
Stem borer 7.5 80 1.0 193.91 5
Caterpillar 7.5 80 1.0 193.91 6
Weevil 6.0 100 1.0 193.91 7
Termites 15.0 50 0.7 169.67 8
Zinc deficiency 7.5 75 0.8 145.43 9
Leaf blight 3.5 75 0.7 59.39 10
Cutworm 12.5 25 0.5 50.50 11
Flooding 25.0 25 0.3 50.50 12
Wilting 25.0 25 0.3 50.50 13
Water stress 10.0 50 0.3 48.48 14
Post-flowering
stalk rot (PFSR) 7.5 25 0.6 36.36 15
Cucurbitaceae family 7.5 50 0.3 36.36 16
Late planting 7.5 25 0.3 15.15 17
Total 2,668.11
MADHYA PRADESH – Satpura plateau
Echinocloa 15.0 100 1.0 74.87 1
C. dactylon 15.0 100 1.0 74.87 2
Water stress 17.5 90 0.9 70.75 3
Caterpillar 10.0 100 1.0 49.91 4
Zinc deficiency 12.5 75 0.9 42.11 5
Stem borer 7.5 100 1.0 37.44 6
Rats 7.5 100 1.0 37.44 7
Termites 17.5 50 0.6 26.20 8
Rusts 7.5 75 0.6 16.85 9
Source: IFAD-CIMMYT-India RRA Surveys, 2001.
†
US$ 1.00 = Indian Rs. 44.00 (May 2004).
Constraint
by state Yield loss Area Proba- Value of
and agro- due to affected by bility damage
ecological constraint constraint of (Rs. Priority
region (%) (%) occurrence million † ) rank
Downy mildew 7.5 50 0.6 11.23 10
Late planting 12.5 25 0.5 7.80 11
Aphids 3.5 25 0.2 0.87 12
Jassids 3.5 25 0.2 0.87 13
Amaranthus 3.5 25 0.2 0.87 14
Total 452.09
MADHYA PRADESH – Malwa plateau
Rats 15.0 100 1.0 187.26 1
Echinocloa 15.0 100 1.0 187.26 2
C. dactylon 15.0 100 1.0 187.26 3
Water stress 17.5 90 0.8 157.30 4
Termites 17.5 75 0.8 131.08 5
Caterpillar 10.0 100 1.0 124.84 6
Zinc deficiency 12.5 100 0.8 124.84 7
Stem borer 7.5 100 1.0 93.63 8
Downy mildew 7.5 75 0.6 42.13 9
Rusts 5.5 75 0.6 30.90 10
Maydis 7.5 50 0.4 18.73 11
Cynodon bengalensis 10.0 25 0.4 12.48 12
Late planting 12.5 25 0.3 11.70 13
Aphids 3.5 25 0.3 3.28 14
Jassids 3.5 25 0.3 3.28 15
Amaranthus 3.5 25 0.2 2.18 16
Grubs 7.5 10 0.2 1.87 17
Moths 3.5 10 0.2 0.87 18
Total 1,320.91
MADHYA PRADESH – Jhabua Hills
Water stress 17.5 100 1.0 89.35 1
Rats 15.0 100 1.0 76.59 2
Echinocloa 15.0 100 1.0 76.59 3
Achyranthes aspera 15.0 100 0.8 61.27 4
Caterpillar 10.0 100 1.0 51.06 5
Zinc deficiency 12.5 90 0.8 45.95 6
Stem borer 7.5 100 1.0 38.29 7
Termites 17.5 50 0.8 35.74 8
Late planting 17.5 50 0.6 26.81 9
C. dactylon 10.0 75 0.6 22.98 10
C. bengalensis 3.5 100 0.6 10.72 11
Downy mildew 7.5 50 0.5 9.57 12
Rusts 6.0 50 0.5 7.66 13
Amaranthus 3.5 75 0.5 6.70 14
Maydis 7.5 50 0.2 3.83 15
Jassids 3.5 10 0.2 0.36 16
Total 563.46
UTTAR PRADESH – Northeastern plain
Echinocloa 20.0 100 1.0 325.47 1
Termites 25.0 75 0.6 183.08 2
Caterpillar 10.0 100 1.0 162.73 3
Weevil 10.0 100 1.0 162.73 4
C. dactylon 9.0 100 1.0 146.46 5
Stem borer 7.5 100 1.0 122.05 6
Rats 7.5 100 0.9 109.85 7
Seed & seedling blight 15.0 75 0.6 109.85 8
Water stress 15.0 50 0.6 73.23 9
Brown spot 6.0 75 0.6 43.94 10
Waterlogging 35.0 25 0.3 42.72 11
Wild rice 7.5 50 0.4 24.41 12
Biskhapra (weed) 7.5 50 0.3 18.31 13
Cutworm 3.5 50 0.6 17.09 14
Late planting 7.5 25 0.5 15.26 15
Leaf roller 3.5 50 0.3 8.54 16
Total 1,565.71
Source: IFAD-CIMMYT-India RRA Surveys, 2001.
†
US$ 1.00 = Indian Rs. 44.00 (May 2004).