A History of Protestant missions in the near East

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236 History of Protestant Missions in the Near East much from opposition. Since, in the meantime, the Board's missions in Syria had become promising, and since Englishmen and Germans were attracted by the newly established episcopate of Jerusalem, the Board abandoned its work in Palestine in 1844. There had been no visible results of this patient labour on the part of the Americans ; they had only been sowing the seed. Thousands of Bibles and portions of the Bible had been distributed, even in the remotest parts of Palestine, and a desire and demand for the "Word of God and the truth of the Gospel had been awakened. Bishop Gobat "reaped" where the Americans had "sown." (b) The beginning of the English Mission among the Jews. While the Americans were engaged in more exploratory work, the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews commenced an extensive work in Jerusalem. This Society was founded in 1809, originally on an interdenominational basis; since 1815, however, it has been an almost exclusively Anglican effort. High hopes were entertained at the outset. The first step should be to gather the whole Jewish race into Palestine, and Jews must therefore be encouraged to immigrate after that, mission work should be begun on"a grand ; scale. Fortunately for the Society it had, in J. Nicolayson, an able and level-headed representative in Jerusalem from 1826 to 1856. A favourable time appeared to be coming for the mission, when from 1832 to 1840 the Egyptian rebel, Viceroy Muhammad Ali, was in power in Palestine, for his attitude towards the mission was friendly and tolerant. Advantage was taken of this opportunity, and the mission laid the foundations of the so-called Zion church, the first Protestant church in the Turkish dominions. It was unfortunate that it was not finished before 1840, for, when the Sultan succeeded, with the assistance of the European Powers, in recapturing Palestine, he followed an even stricter policy of repression than before. Thus the completion of the church was delayed by endless negotiations until 1849. In Nicolay son's time, and with his help, most of the large institutions were founded, that are so characteristic a feature of
Syria and Palestine 237 this Society's work the ; hospital in 1843, the first of its kind in the Near East ; the industrial school for converts from among the Jews, intended to test the sincerity of their motives, as well as, after their baptism, to secure them a livelihood ; the converts' home ; even a training-school, which was temporarily (1843-1849) expanded into a mission college, as a central training-institution for converted Jews, who were to engage in mission work. All these various branches of the work were developing vigorously and seemed to require the guidance of a strong central authority, (c) The Anglo-Prussian episcopate. The establishment of an Anglo- Prussian episcopate in Jerusalem is one of the most interesting episodes of mission history in the Near East. Frederick William IY, the idealist King of Prussia, was the originator and motive power of this arrangement. He had four farreaching thoughts which he hoped to see realized in this way. For one thing, his evangelical heart felt impelled to create in the midst of the petrified and degenerate Oriental Churches a centre of Protestant activity, the spirit of which should regenerate those Churches. He also wished to procure legal recognition and equal rights for the Protestants, scattered throughout Turkey, who, up to this time, had enjoyed no legal status. This he tried to effect by the means customary in Turkey, namely, through the authorization of an ecclesiastical supreme head. In the third place, he desired to provide for the Jewish Mission, which was at that time beginning to flourish, firm support and a secure centre of activity, and he hoped that the episcopate would afford such a centre. He held the opinion that a firmly established Jewish mission on a large scale in Jerusalem would attract the attention of all Jews. And, lastly, he particularly desired to unite the great Protestant Churches in common work for the spread of the Kingdom of God ; a union of the Churches of England and Prussia, resting on the foundation of common church work, was his highest ideal. Here were idealist if the Jeru- plans and purposes enough, salem episcopate was really to become a thing of life, with an
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GIFT OF
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A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN
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Preface TO the Boards of the great
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INTRODUCTION Contents n I. THE MUHA
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Contents 9 3. The Church Missionary
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1 2 Introduction needed for the com
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14 Introduction The century which f
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16 Introduction around it. The rout
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THOUGH VIII SUMMARIES AND STATISTIC
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ABADIYE, 204 Abassides, The, 35, 59
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Index 425 Bishop, Mrs. Isabella Bir
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Index 427 Ford, Miss, 207 Fossum, 3
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Index 429 Lebanon, The, 47 f, Khart
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; Nestorians, Index 431 difficultie
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Index 433 St. John, German Hospital
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Index 435 Victoria Hospital, The, i
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(07 4927^7 / o I? -r UNIVERSITY OF
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