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62 Analysis of the agricultural situation in Azraq Basin German-Jordanian Programme “Management of Water Resources” 4. The assessment of irrigation performance on the farm (design of irrigation network, quality of material, flow and pressure effectively delivered, uniformity, pump efficiency, irrigation schedule). 5. An assessment of farmers’ willingness to improve their irrigation network (financial and technical ability of farmers to invest in extra materials needed for improvement). This study should give recommendations about: a. Detailed training needs (main items to be included in training session). b. Best way to improve on-farm extension services on the long term. c. Cost evaluation of materials needed for irrigation optimisation (providing reference for different possibilities of irrigation optimisation changes, such as Surface => Open Tube, Surface => Virojet, Open tube non optimised => Open tube optimised...) and proposition for best mechanism for subsidy (% of subsidy according to farming system or to water consumption, revolving fund, % of farm area subsidised…). d. Organisation to be set for sustainability (training session organised on project base, one to one training (close follow-up) or one to many (from trainer to farmer, or from farmer to farmer), permanent training centre in MOA, pilot farm created through the project, demonstration plot in the farm of a leading farmer, …). 7.5.2. Comprehensive Market studies This study should be conducted before viewing a development strategy of any new crop. Farmers might benefit from better knowing the market organisation, market quality requirements, niche markets and other market opportunities both locally and internationlly. This study should provide an overview of market mechanisms, as well as specific market opportunities for contemplated crops to be supported by the project. For example, for pomegranate, where are the markets, which product is required (fruits and characteristics of size, color…, or juice concentrate…). 81 We want to highlight here that any training program should consider the fact that most workers are Egyptian and not permanent on farms on a long term.
Analysis of the agricultural situation in Azraq Basin German-Jordanian Programme “Management of Water Resources” 63 7.5.3. Crop Suitability and Soil Fertility Mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) This kind of study entails combining and analysing agro-environmental, soil information, water information and crops biological requirements for growth 82 . It considers soil samples analyses. An important work has already been done by MOA about description of soil chemical properties, resulting in a description of soil fertility. Overlaying the agro-climatic map with land suitable for farming practice map and soil fertility map, a crop suitability map could be developed. It would then be possible to propose more accurate recommendations about irrigation practices according to soil types (Guidelines about irrigation practices in saline soils for example). irrigated planted areas between WAJ and MOA. Indeed, WAJ calculations are based on data from 2002. A coordination project between both Ministries would be interesting to harmonise the common data. It would be interesting to establish Information Centers in the MOA branches. They would be a way of sharing the acquired data with farmers, who could come and ask for the any information they need about market, soils, water crop requirements… This database should be kept and updated by the MOA directorates. It was mentioned previously that data from WAJ and data from MOA are not compatible. For example, there is a large difference between 82 Henry A. Adornad and Masao Yoshida, 2008.
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