Mileage-Based User Fee Winners and Losers - RAND Corporation

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6. Future Distributional Implications, 2010 - 2030 ................................................................... 91 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................... 91 MBUFs Provide Revenue Sustainability ................................................................................. 91 No Change in MBUF Distributional Implications ............................................................... 93 Fuel Price and Fuel Economy Matter More than Tax Rate ................................................ 97 7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 99 Discussion of Findings ............................................................................................................. 99 Contributions to Knowledge ................................................................................................. 100 Limitations and Opportunities for Further Research ......................................................... 100 Policy Considerations .............................................................................................................. 101 A. Technical Appendix ................................................................................................................. 105 Data Cleaning ........................................................................................................................... 105 Construction of Key Variables .............................................................................................. 108 Calcualting the Suits Index ..................................................................................................... 112 Calculating the Change in Consumer Surplus ..................................................................... 114 Calculating the Net Change in Household Welfare ............................................................ 115 B. Additional Tables ..................................................................................................................... 117 List of References .......................................................................................................................... 127 Page 10 of 131
GLOSSARY Symbol Definition AAA American Automobile Association AEO Annual Energy Outlook BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy CBO Congressional Budget Office CPI consumer price index EIA Energy Information Administration EPA Environmental Protection Agency EV electric vehicle FHWA Federal Highway Administration GAO Government Accountability Office GHG greenhouse gas GPM gallons per mile, GPM = MPG -1 HEV hybrid-electric vehicle HTF Highway Trust Fund MBUF mileage-based user fee MPG miles per gallon, GPM = MPG -1 NHTS National Household Travel Survey NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle PRGS Pardee RAND Graduate School RV recreational vehicle (motor home) SAFETEA–LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users SUV sport utility vehicle TRB Transportation Research Board of the National Academies VMT vehicle-miles traveled Page 11 of 131
Page 1 and 2: CHILDREN AND FAMILIES EDUCATION AND
Page 3 and 4: Mileage-Based User Fee Winners and
Page 5: ABSTRACT The mileage-based user fee
Page 8 and 9: Lastly, I would especially like to
Page 13 and 14: 1. MILEAGE-BASED USER FEES MOTOR FU
Page 15 and 16: Additionally, fully electric vehicl
Page 17 and 18: MOVING TOWARDS A TAX ON VEHICLE MIL
Page 19 and 20: THE EQUITY IMPLICATIONS OF MBUFS AR
Page 21 and 22: 2. THE EQUITY OF HIGHWAY USER FEES
Page 23 and 24: “regressive, progressive, or neut
Page 25 and 26: 3. DATA AND MODEL This chapter desc
Page 27 and 28: Table 3.1 Weighted Sample Means of
Page 29 and 30: values and their robust standard er
Page 31 and 32: Table 3.2 Table of Coefficients Lin
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3.1 Distribution of Price El
Page 35 and 36: This expression illustrates that th
Page 37 and 38: method used by FHWA to calculate th
Page 39 and 40: least fuel efficient vehicle is gre
Page 41: State fixed effects There are diffe
Page 44 and 45: gasoline tax with a flat per-mile t
Page 46 and 47: Alternative 3: Replace both the sta
Page 48 and 49: Alternative 8: Replace state and fe
Page 50 and 51: Disaggregating the change in taxes
Page 52 and 53: “relative share rate of return fr
Page 54 and 55: gasoline in the United States could
Page 56 and 57: The first method divides total fede
Page 58 and 59: Risk of global warming: The margina
Page 60 and 61:
additional projections based on alt
Page 62 and 63:
industry and public sector energy c
Page 64 and 65:
FLAT-RATE MBUFS ARE NO MORE OR LESS
Page 66 and 67:
Table 5.1 Percent Change in Average
Page 68 and 69:
Table 5.3 Change in the Consumer Su
Page 70 and 71:
weighting of the changes in revenue
Page 72 and 73:
Table 5.6 Average Changes in Federa
Page 74 and 75:
Table 5.7 Components of Welfare Cha
Page 76 and 77:
The finding that increasing the rat
Page 78 and 79:
Table 5.10 Change in Consumer Surpl
Page 80 and 81:
of adopting MBUFs. Specifically, th
Page 82 and 83:
Table 5.14 Percent Change in VMT an
Page 84 and 85:
side by side for each alternative.
Page 86 and 87:
The findings for other groups are m
Page 88 and 89:
Table 5.17 Average Change in Consum
Page 91 and 92:
6. FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIO
Page 93 and 94:
e enacted. Figure 6.4 completes the
Page 95 and 96:
Table 6.1 Projections of Suits Indi
Page 97 and 98:
change in consumer surplus for key
Page 99 and 100:
7. CONCLUSION The purpose of this d
Page 101 and 102:
The marginal costs of congestion an
Page 103:
Commercial trucks were explicitly n
Page 106 and 107:
The variable name for Hispanic stat
Page 108 and 109:
price series from the EIA. The “M
Page 110 and 111:
Table A.1 State Gasoline Excise Tax
Page 112 and 113:
Table A.3 Household Type Categories
Page 114 and 115:
CALCULATING THE CHANGE IN CONSUMER
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Revenue Revenue Revenue Method
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PROJECTIONS OF CHANGES IN CONSUMER
Page 120 and 121:
Table B.3 Projections of Changes in
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 127 and 128:
LIST OF REFERENCES AAA. 2011. Your
Page 129 and 130:
Musgrave, Richard A., and Peggy B.
Page 131:
Wachs, Martin. 2003. Improving effi
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Mileage-Based User Fee Winners and Losers - RAND Corporation

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