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The Broken Link - Digital Transactions

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COMPONENTS<br />

February 2008 digitaltransactions<br />

ATMs: Not Dead,<br />

Not Done<br />

Thomas E. Honey<br />

More versatility can mean extended life for the ATM, says an executive<br />

with a firm that enables ATMs for prepaid card dispensing and<br />

sees potential for distributing a wide range of other media.<br />

Mark Twain once lectured<br />

that reports of his death<br />

were greatly exaggerated.<br />

A similar view about ATMs may be<br />

true. Since its inception, the ATM has<br />

achieved an institutionalized role as<br />

the premier self-service device for<br />

banking functions and other consumer<br />

services. Consumers’ trust in, comfort<br />

with, and reliance upon the ATM for<br />

its time-and-place convenience value<br />

won’t let it die, but prompt its greater<br />

versatility and extended life.<br />

Automated cash dispensers were<br />

invented in 1967, but soon became<br />

deposit acceptors in the early 1970s<br />

with the introduction of Docutel’s<br />

Total Automated Teller. Being part of<br />

an ATM installation team for my bank<br />

in 1971, I can easily recall bankers’<br />

published doubts about the ATM’s<br />

role and future. In fact, most concerns<br />

focused on cost justification.<br />

<strong>The</strong> ATM was a major technological<br />

invention for a staid banking<br />

industry at a time of substantial consumer<br />

distrust of computer-related<br />

technology. Intuitive logic by most<br />

banking leaders couldn’t make practical<br />

sense of it. It was seen as a symbol<br />

of modern progress for banks that<br />

could perhaps replace the need for<br />

more human tellers.<br />

A counter-intuitive view held that<br />

the ATM was a time-and-place convenience-value<br />

device for consumers<br />

who valued convenience and anonymity<br />

in conducting their personal banking<br />

business. Changes in consumer<br />

needs, thinking, and behavior ultimately<br />

would determine the innovation’s<br />

success provided it was given<br />

enough time to demonstrate both revenue<br />

and cost benefits to banking. This<br />

was clearly a long-haul proposition that<br />

required a generation of acceptors and<br />

users to enjoy and demand the greater<br />

time-and-place convenience value that<br />

ATMs offered them.<br />

A Stage Two World<br />

By 1986, ATMs were ubiquitous nationally,<br />

banks were charging for their use,<br />

and regional ATM card interchange had<br />

commenced. <strong>The</strong> so-called less-cash<br />

transaction that often accompanied<br />

paycheck deposits had all but disappeared.<br />

More depositors were comfortable<br />

with direct pay deposit as 24-hour<br />

ATM availability afforded them anytime<br />

access to their funds. By the early<br />

1990s, surcharging of ATM transactions<br />

was permitted and off-premise<br />

ATMs began to flourish—they now<br />

number nearly two-thirds of America’s<br />

400,000 ATMs in use today.<br />

Today’s situation can be viewed<br />

from the standpoint that ATMs have<br />

always been at the mercy of consumer<br />

demand for cash. Though ATMs offer<br />

and conduct a wide range of customer<br />

services and functions, cash withdrawals<br />

constitute nearly 80% of all<br />

ATM transactions, Dove Consulting<br />

reported in 2003.<br />

Cash withdrawals have declined<br />

significantly to levels not seen for<br />

many years. <strong>The</strong> expanded use of bankissued<br />

debit cards, introduction of prepaid<br />

and gift cards, and expanded cash<br />

back at the point of sale have contributed<br />

substantially to this decline.<br />

Shipments of new ATMs in the<br />

U.S. have also shrunk. Unproductive<br />

off-premise ATMs have begun to<br />

be withdrawn, with the prospect that<br />

many more are headed for the junkyard.<br />

<strong>The</strong> future viability of ATMs<br />

and of the independent sales organizations<br />

that deploy them is in jeopardy.<br />

Alternatives to the ATM began to<br />

appear about two years ago. <strong>The</strong> most<br />

heralded has been the multifunctional<br />

kiosk that dispenses cash and gift<br />

cards, cashes checks, makes foreign<br />

remittances, and pays common bills.<br />

Such kiosks are expensive to acquire<br />

and maintain. Consumer acceptance<br />

has been spotty—mainly because of,<br />

in this writer’s opinion, the lack of<br />

consumer-friendly and intuitive navigation<br />

of the device, especially when<br />

compared to the entrenched familiarity<br />

of the ATM.<br />

February 2008 • digitaltransactions • 19

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