concept for more efficient support of the arts in 2007–2013 - Divadlo.cz
concept for more efficient support of the arts in 2007–2013 - Divadlo.cz
concept for more efficient support of the arts in 2007–2013 - Divadlo.cz
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
The follow<strong>in</strong>g graph and table illustrate how fund<strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual artistic fields out <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> regional budgets evolved and how it was distributed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sphere <strong>of</strong> culture dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> period<br />
between 2000 and 2004. Nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> graph nor <strong>the</strong> table encompass all items <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sphere<br />
<strong>of</strong> culture that received <strong>support</strong> from <strong>the</strong> regional budgets but focus <strong>more</strong> on items that are connected<br />
primarily with <strong>the</strong> <strong>arts</strong> (it does not <strong>in</strong>clude: cultural affairs § 3319, <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heritage<br />
<strong>in</strong>stitutes § 3321, conservation and restoration <strong>of</strong> cultural monuments § 3322, <strong>the</strong> purchase <strong>of</strong><br />
items <strong>of</strong> cultural value § 3324, acquisition and restoration <strong>of</strong> local cultural valuables § 3326, affairs<br />
connected with <strong>the</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> cultural monuments § 3329, <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> churches and religious<br />
associations § 3330, radio and television § 3341, media affairs § 3349, affairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> culture<br />
<strong>of</strong> churches § 3399 and unnamed paragraphs § 33xx). The data show that <strong>more</strong> than one-third<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> funds from <strong>the</strong> public regional budgets provided with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual artistic categories<br />
<strong>in</strong>dicated here go to activities related to <strong>the</strong>atre (34%), while library activities, which impact <strong>the</strong><br />
sphere <strong>of</strong> culture, and especially literature, only partially, receive under one-quarter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> funds<br />
distributed (22%), and just under one-fifth goes to museum and gallery activities (19%), 16% to<br />
leisure activities <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sphere <strong>of</strong> culture, 5% to activities <strong>of</strong> artistic ensembles, and 4% to c<strong>in</strong>emas<br />
and audiovisual archives.<br />
Public Budgets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Regional Authorities – Distribution <strong>of</strong> Support <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Arts <strong>in</strong> 2000 – 2004<br />
(<strong>in</strong> Czk)<br />
Publish<strong>in</strong>g lit., art<br />
and audiovisual<br />
works<br />
(§ 3316)<br />
0 % – 6 thous.<br />
Exhibitions<br />
(§ 3317)<br />
0 % – 0,1 mld.<br />
R&D <strong>in</strong> culture,<br />
churches and<br />
media<br />
(§ 3380)<br />
0 % – 1,4 mil.<br />
International<br />
co-operation <strong>in</strong><br />
culture, churches<br />
,<br />
and media<br />
(§ 3391)<br />
0 % – 50 thous.<br />
Museums<br />
and galeries<br />
(§ 3314)<br />
23 %<br />
Cultural leisure<br />
activities<br />
(§ 3392)<br />
16 %<br />
Libraries<br />
(§ 3314)<br />
22 %<br />
Theatres<br />
(§ 3311)<br />
31 %<br />
Artistic groups<br />
(§ 3312)<br />
5 %<br />
C<strong>in</strong>emas and<br />
audiovisual<br />
archives<br />
(§ 3313)<br />
3 %<br />
Source: F<strong>in</strong>ancování kultury z vefiejn˘ch rozpoãtÛ 2004 [The F<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Culture from <strong>the</strong> Public<br />
Budgets 2004]. Praha: NIPOS, 2005.<br />
Conversely, <strong>support</strong> <strong>for</strong> activities <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sphere <strong>of</strong> publish<strong>in</strong>g literary, artistic, and audiovisual<br />
works, and <strong>for</strong> research and development <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sphere <strong>of</strong> culture, etc., receive virtually no<br />
<strong>support</strong> from <strong>the</strong> regional public budgets. This practice clearly reveals <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>in</strong> which<br />
state-budget <strong>support</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>arts</strong> is mov<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> areas where it is not expected that <strong>the</strong> regional<br />
authorities will assume any significant role <strong>in</strong> <strong>support</strong> <strong>for</strong> artistic fields. In o<strong>the</strong>r words, it is<br />
expected that <strong>the</strong> MC will cont<strong>in</strong>ue <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> future to bear <strong>the</strong> major portion <strong>of</strong> responsibility <strong>for</strong><br />
<strong>support</strong><strong>in</strong>g activities <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g and publish<strong>in</strong>g, research and development (thus <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> experimentation and <strong>in</strong>novation), and <strong>in</strong>ternational cooperation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>arts</strong>.<br />
Governmental Organisations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> MC<br />
The MC reta<strong>in</strong>ed only key organisations that are national <strong>in</strong> scope. Out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 31 governmental<br />
organisations <strong>for</strong> which <strong>the</strong> MC is currently still <strong>the</strong> founder, 13 are museums (<strong>of</strong> various<br />
types), 2 galleries, 3 monuments, 3 libraries, 4 <strong>the</strong>atrical and 2 musical organisations, 1 film archive,<br />
1 <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation and advisory centre, 1 <strong>in</strong>stitute <strong>of</strong> folk culture, and 1 heritage <strong>in</strong>stitute. In<br />
2002 <strong>the</strong> statutes and deeds found<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> MC’s governmental organisations were updated, and<br />
<strong>the</strong> governmental organisations are now able to f<strong>in</strong>ance <strong>the</strong>mselves from <strong>in</strong>come obta<strong>in</strong>ed from<br />
parallel, supplementary activities and from <strong>the</strong> productive use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> property <strong>the</strong>y are entrusted<br />
with, and <strong>the</strong>y are able to do so thanks to <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> budgetary determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>come<br />
from rent <strong>of</strong> real estate property was changed (Act No. 187/2001 Coll., amend<strong>in</strong>g Act No.<br />
218/2000 Coll., on Budgetary Rules and on Amendments to Certa<strong>in</strong> Related Acts [Budgetary Rules),<br />
as subsequently amended <strong>in</strong> Act No. 493/2000 Coll. and Act No. 141/2001 Coll.]). The MC<br />
thus reta<strong>in</strong>ed those governmental organisations that fulfil a unique and crucial role <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>arts</strong>, particularly with a view to <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> cultural heritage: <strong>the</strong> Czech Philharmonic<br />
Orchestra, <strong>the</strong> Theatre Institute, K. E. Macan Library and Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g House <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bl<strong>in</strong>d,<br />
<strong>the</strong> Moravian Gallery <strong>in</strong> Brno, <strong>the</strong> Moravian Library <strong>in</strong> Brno, <strong>the</strong> National Theatre, <strong>the</strong> National<br />
Film Archives, <strong>the</strong> National Gallery <strong>in</strong> Prague, <strong>the</strong> National In<strong>for</strong>mation and Consult<strong>in</strong>g Centre<br />
<strong>for</strong> Culture, <strong>the</strong> National Library <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Czech Republic, <strong>the</strong> National Institute <strong>of</strong> Folk Culture,<br />
<strong>the</strong> Prague Philharmonic Choir, <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Czech Literature, <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Applied Arts <strong>in</strong><br />
Prague, <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Puppets <strong>in</strong> Chrudim, and <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Romani Culture. The exceptions<br />
<strong>in</strong> this scheme are <strong>the</strong> State Opera Prague, as <strong>the</strong> opera company is part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> National<br />
Theatre (mak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> MC <strong>the</strong> responsible body <strong>for</strong> two opera companies <strong>in</strong> one city), and also<br />
Laterna Magika, which was not trans<strong>for</strong>med and has rema<strong>in</strong>ed a governmental organisation <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> MC, though <strong>in</strong> comparison with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r governmental organisations it receives substantially<br />
less f<strong>in</strong>ancial <strong>support</strong>.<br />
Governmental organisations cont<strong>in</strong>ue to be a key mechanism <strong>of</strong> state cultural policy funded<br />
from a specific budgetary item <strong>for</strong> such organisations. The MC commits approximately onequarter<br />
<strong>of</strong> its budget to <strong>the</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> founded governmental organisations operat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sphere <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>arts</strong>. Their exclusive position derives not only from <strong>the</strong> unique or special nature <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> property <strong>the</strong>y manage, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>for</strong>m <strong>of</strong> various k<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> collections, archives, and representative<br />
build<strong>in</strong>gs, but is also ow<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> method <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> organisations are <strong>the</strong>mselves managed<br />
and f<strong>in</strong>anced.<br />
A statutory position <strong>in</strong> all governmental organisations is <strong>the</strong> director, who is appo<strong>in</strong>ted by<br />
<strong>the</strong> m<strong>in</strong>ister on <strong>the</strong> recommendation <strong>of</strong> a selection committee, whose decision is based primarily<br />
on <strong>the</strong> <strong>concept</strong> submitted by that person <strong>for</strong> fulfill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> mission <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> given organisation as<br />
def<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> its statute. The founder sets <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> annual contribution to <strong>the</strong> activities <strong>of</strong><br />
every governmental organisation. It almost never <strong>in</strong>terferes <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir operations, and only a small<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fund<strong>in</strong>g is tied to concrete activities (especially <strong>in</strong> connection with cultural-historical<br />
anniversaries or events) <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> state has a priority <strong>in</strong>terest. Each year <strong>the</strong> governmental<br />
organisations publish annual reports, which <strong>the</strong>y submit to <strong>the</strong> founder and also make public<br />
on <strong>the</strong>ir web sites. Uni<strong>for</strong>m rules specified <strong>in</strong> Regulation No. 323/2005 Coll., which came <strong>in</strong>to<br />
effect on 29 th August 2005, govern how <strong>the</strong> annual reports are to be composed and stipulate<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir content.<br />
38<br />
39