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Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 Page 65 Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 Page 65 Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 Page 65 Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 Page 65
INSTRUMENT SELECTION AND USE Exposure/Absorbed Dose Rates (photon) - Ion Chamber, Energy Compensated GM, Tissue-Equivalent Plastic 3 Dose Equivalent Rates (neutron) - BF 3 or He moderator, Neutron-Proton Recoil (Rossi Detector, Liquid Plastic Scintillator, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator) , LiGdBO3-loaded Plastic Beta and activity - Proportional Counter, GM, Plastic Scintillator Alpha activity - Proportional Counter, ZnS Scintillator, Air Proportional, Solid-state Silicon, Plastic Scintillator Alpha + beta activity - Proportional Counter, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator, Plastic Scintillator, Solid-state Silicon Gross gamma activity - NaI, CsI X-ray spectroscopy - Si(Li) Gamma spectroscopy - HPGe, CZT, HgI, CsI, LaBr Alpha spectroscopy - Frisch Grid, Solid-state Silicon Beta spectroscopy - BGO, Plastic Scintillator, Silicon 1. Select an instrument appropriate for the isotope(s) to be surveyed for. 2. Check instrument for a valid calibration sticker and for damage that would prevent it (them) from operating acceptably. 3. Check the battery condition. 4. Perform an operational (or performance) check. 5. Determine the isotope(s) correction factor to be applied to the instrument. 6. Calculate the instrument’s MDA and compare to survey criteria. 7. If the instrument does not meet all of the above criteria, then replace the instrument (or change/charge the batteries) or change your survey technique so that the instrument’s MDA will meet the survey criteria. 9. Perform and then document the survey. Page 66 INSTRUMENT SELECTION AND USE Exposure/Absorbed Dose Rates (photon) - Ion Chamber, Energy Compensated GM, Tissue-Equivalent Plastic 3 Dose Equivalent Rates (neutron) - BF 3 or He moderator, Neutron-Proton Recoil (Rossi Detector, Liquid Plastic Scintillator, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator) , LiGdBO3-loaded Plastic Beta and activity - Proportional Counter, GM, Plastic Scintillator Alpha activity - Proportional Counter, ZnS Scintillator, Air Proportional, Solid-state Silicon, Plastic Scintillator Alpha + beta activity - Proportional Counter, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator, Plastic Scintillator, Solid-state Silicon Gross gamma activity - NaI, CsI X-ray spectroscopy - Si(Li) Gamma spectroscopy - HPGe, CZT, HgI, CsI, LaBr Alpha spectroscopy - Frisch Grid, Solid-state Silicon Beta spectroscopy - BGO, Plastic Scintillator, Silicon 1. Select an instrument appropriate for the isotope(s) to be surveyed for. 2. Check instrument for a valid calibration sticker and for damage that would prevent it (them) from operating acceptably. 3. Check the battery condition. 4. Perform an operational (or performance) check. 5. Determine the isotope(s) correction factor to be applied to the instrument. 6. Calculate the instrument’s MDA and compare to survey criteria. 7. If the instrument does not meet all of the above criteria, then replace the instrument (or change/charge the batteries) or change your survey technique so that the instrument’s MDA will meet the survey criteria. 9. Perform and then document the survey. Page 66 INSTRUMENT SELECTION AND USE Exposure/Absorbed Dose Rates (photon) - Ion Chamber, Energy Compensated GM, Tissue-Equivalent Plastic 3 Dose Equivalent Rates (neutron) - BF 3 or He moderator, Neutron-Proton Recoil (Rossi Detector, Liquid Plastic Scintillator, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator) , LiGdBO3-loaded Plastic Beta and activity - Proportional Counter, GM, Plastic Scintillator Alpha activity - Proportional Counter, ZnS Scintillator, Air Proportional, Solid-state Silicon, Plastic Scintillator Alpha + beta activity - Proportional Counter, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator, Plastic Scintillator, Solid-state Silicon Gross gamma activity - NaI, CsI X-ray spectroscopy - Si(Li) Gamma spectroscopy - HPGe, CZT, HgI, CsI, LaBr Alpha spectroscopy - Frisch Grid, Solid-state Silicon Beta spectroscopy - BGO, Plastic Scintillator, Silicon 1. Select an instrument appropriate for the isotope(s) to be surveyed for. 2. Check instrument for a valid calibration sticker and for damage that would prevent it (them) from operating acceptably. 3. Check the battery condition. 4. Perform an operational (or performance) check. 5. Determine the isotope(s) correction factor to be applied to the instrument. 6. Calculate the instrument’s MDA and compare to survey criteria. 7. If the instrument does not meet all of the above criteria, then replace the instrument (or change/charge the batteries) or change your survey technique so that the instrument’s MDA will meet the survey criteria. 9. Perform and then document the survey. Page 66 INSTRUMENT SELECTION AND USE Exposure/Absorbed Dose Rates (photon) - Ion Chamber, Energy Compensated GM, Tissue-Equivalent Plastic 3 Dose Equivalent Rates (neutron) - BF 3 or He moderator, Neutron-Proton Recoil (Rossi Detector, Liquid Plastic Scintillator, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator) , LiGdBO3-loaded Plastic Beta and activity - Proportional Counter, GM, Plastic Scintillator Alpha activity - Proportional Counter, ZnS Scintillator, Air Proportional, Solid-state Silicon, Plastic Scintillator Alpha + beta activity - Proportional Counter, Plastic/ZnS Scintillator, Plastic Scintillator, Solid-state Silicon Gross gamma activity - NaI, CsI X-ray spectroscopy - Si(Li) Gamma spectroscopy - HPGe, CZT, HgI, CsI, LaBr Alpha spectroscopy - Frisch Grid, Solid-state Silicon Beta spectroscopy - BGO, Plastic Scintillator, Silicon 1. Select an instrument appropriate for the isotope(s) to be surveyed for. 2. Check instrument for a valid calibration sticker and for damage that would prevent it (them) from operating acceptably. 3. Check the battery condition. 4. Perform an operational (or performance) check. 5. Determine the isotope(s) correction factor to be applied to the instrument. 6. Calculate the instrument’s MDA and compare to survey criteria. 7. If the instrument does not meet all of the above criteria, then replace the instrument (or change/charge the batteries) or change your survey technique so that the instrument’s MDA will meet the survey criteria. 9. Perform and then document the survey. Page 66
Page 1 and 2:
HANDBOOK OF RADIATION DATA HANDBOOK
Page 3 and 4:
Abbreviations 115 Activity vs Expos
Page 5 and 6:
EMERGENCY RESPONSE SWIMS for Radiol
Page 7 and 8:
Major Injuries Occurring in Hazardo
Page 9 and 10:
ACUTE RADIATION EFFECTS ACUTE RADIA
Page 11 and 12:
CONTAMINATED / INJURED PERSON FORM
Page 13 and 14:
Z Density Z Density 76 Osmium Os 22
Page 15 and 16:
Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay
Page 17 and 18: Progeny kev and % abundance 41 Ar 4
Page 19 and 20: Progeny kev and % abundance 65 Ni 6
Page 21 and 22: Progeny kev and % abundance 134 I 1
Page 23 and 24: Progeny kev and % abundance 220 216
Page 25 and 26: Progeny kev and % abundance 234 Th
Page 27 and 28: Thorium-232 Decay Chain including t
Page 29 and 30: Uranium-238 Decay (including Radon
Page 31 and 32: Progeny kev and % abundance Progeny
Page 33 and 34: Progeny kev and % abundance 225 Ra
Page 35 and 36: Progeny kev and % abundance Progeny
Page 37 and 38: Rem/hr / Ci Sv/hr / GBq Half-Life C
Page 47 and 48: Gamma exposure at 30 cm vs Particle
Page 49 and 50: Activity in DPM vs Particle Size in
Page 51 and 52: DOSIMETRY 1 Bq = 1 dps = 2.7 E-11 C
Page 53 and 54: INTERNAL DOSIMETRY Effective Half-L
Page 55 and 56: 1 RADIATION WEIGHTING FACTORS (ICRP
Page 57 and 58: RADIATION INTERACTIONS Charged Part
Page 59 and 60: CALCULATING NEUTRON SHIELD THICKNES
Page 61 and 62: Neutron and Gamma Shielding SIMPLIF
Page 63 and 64: Shallow Dose Correction Factor In a
Page 65 and 66: Photon Fluence Rate ö from a Point
Page 67: A comparison of signal levels for v
Page 71 and 72: Airborne Radioactivity (long-lived)
Page 73 and 74: AIR MONITORING Concentration Concen
Page 75 and 76: Filter Media Characteristics for Al
Page 77 and 78: 10CFR20 DAC 10CFR835 DAC 10CFR20 AL
Page 105 and 106: STCs = Special Tritium Compounds 1
Page 107 and 108: Z # K K L L 96 Cm 109.10 123.24 14.
Page 109 and 110: Z # K K L L 45 Rh 20.21 22.72 2.70
Page 111 and 112: MDA when background and sample coun
Page 113 and 114: ELEVATIONS OF MAJOR AIRPORTS AND FA
Page 115 and 116: INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ELEVATIONS (F
Page 117 and 118: SI and US “Traditional” Units A
Page 119 and 120:
CONVERSION OF UNITS Length 1 angstr
Page 121 and 122:
Radiological 1 rad = 100 ergs / g 1
Page 123 and 124:
Power 1 joule/sec = 1E7 ergs/sec 1
Page 125 and 126:
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME CALCULATION
Page 127 and 128:
RULES OF THUMB FOR ALPHA PARTICLES
Page 129 and 130:
RULES OF THUMB FOR BETA PARTICLES 1
Page 131 and 132:
RULES OF THUMB FOR GAMMA RADIATION
Page 133 and 134:
APPROXIMATE NEUTRON ENERGIES cold n
Page 135 and 136:
Energy & Yield of neutrons from the
Page 137 and 138:
Isotopic Mix of WG Pu 238 Pu 239 Pu
Page 139 and 140:
Neutron exposure rate from the oxid
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Isotopic Mix of 20% Enriched U 238
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UNITS AND TERMINOLOGY “Special Un
Page 145 and 146:
RADON FACTS 1 working level = 222 3
Page 147 and 148:
Relative Risk Your overall risk of
Page 149 and 150:
Advanced Radiation Instrumentation
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