16 Introduction of 1970 <strong>census</strong> sample design and population controls. 17 Implementation of a new CPS ASEC processing system. 18 Beginning with the 2003 CPS, respondents were allowed to choose one or more races. White alone refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. The use of this single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing the data. The Census Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Information on people who reported more than one race, such as White and American Indian and Alaska Native or Asian and Black or African American, is available from Census 2000 through American FactFinder. About 2.6 percent of people reported more than one race in Census 2000. 19 For the year 2001 and earlier, the CPS allowed respondents to report only one race group. 20 Black alone refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 21 Asian alone refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 22 Because Hispanics may be any race, data in this report for Hispanics overlap with data for racial groups. Being Hispanic was reported by 12.1 percent of White householders who reported only one race, 2.9 percent of Black householders who reported only one race; 27.7 percent of Amerian Indian and Alaska Native householders who reported only one race; and 9.5 percent of Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander householders who reported only one race. Data users should exercise caution when interpreting aggregate results for the Hispanic population and for race groups because these populations consist of many distinct groups that differ in socioeconomic characteristics, culture, and recency of immigration. Data were first collected for Hispanics in 1972. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 through 2006 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. U.S. Census Bureau Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2005 37
Table A-2. Real Median Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers by Sex and Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio: 1960 to 2005 (People 15 years and older beginning in March 1980, and people 14 years and older as of March of the following year for previous years. Before 1989 earnings are for civilian workers only. Earnings in 2005 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars) Males Females Year Number with earnings (thousands) Median earnings (dollars) Value Standard error Number with earnings (thousands) Median earnings (dollars) Value Standard error Femaleto-maleearnings ratio 2005 . . . ................................ 61,500 41,386 90 43,351 31,858 81 0.770 2004 1 .................................. 60,088 42,160 93 42,380 32,285 82 0.766 2003 . . . ................................ 58,772 43,158 96 41,908 32,605 88 0.755 2002 . . . ................................ 58,761 42,801 265 41,876 32,786 87 0.766 2001 . . . ................................ 58,712 42,209 285 41,639 32,218 182 0.763 2000 2 .................................. 59,602 42,228 114 41,719 31,130 116 0.737 1999 3 .................................. 58,299 42,629 159 40,871 30,827 132 0.723 1998 . . . ................................ 56,951 42,274 159 38,785 30,932 141 0.732 1997 . . . ................................ 54,909 40,843 389 37,683 30,289 188 0.742 1996 . . . ................................ 53,787 39,819 142 36,430 29,371 206 0.738 1995 4 .................................. 52,667 40,064 146 35,482 28,617 174 0.714 1994 5 .................................. 51,580 40,201 162 34,155 28,932 143 0.720 1993 6 .................................. 49,818 40,453 156 33,524 28,932 128 0.715 1992 7 .................................. 48,551 41,175 155 33,241 29,146 139 0.708 1991 . . . ................................ 47,888 41,123 309 32,436 28,728 137 0.699 1990 . . . ................................ 49,171 40,086 300 31,682 28,708 184 0.716 1989 . . . ................................ 49,678 41,552 170 31,340 28,535 192 0.687 1988 . . . ................................ 48,285 42,266 186 31,237 27,916 200 0.660 1987 8 .................................. 47,013 42,638 177 29,912 27,791 130 0.652 1986 . . . ................................ 45,912 42,919 184 28,420 27,584 144 0.643 1985 9 .................................. 44,943 41,866 244 27,383 27,035 142 0.646 1984 10 .................................. 43,808 41,515 213 26,466 26,427 156 0.637 1983 . . . ................................ 41,528 40,685 186 25,166 25,873 158 0.636 1982 . . . ................................ 40,105 40,819 172 23,702 25,204 170 0.617 1981 . . . ................................ 41,773 41,558 146 23,329 24,617 103 0.592 1980 . . . ................................ 41,881 41,763 211 22,859 25,125 110 0.602 1979 11 .................................. 42,437 42,393 167 22,082 25,293 130 0.597 1978 . . . ................................ 41,036 42,877 147 20,914 25,486 142 0.594 1977 . . . ................................ 39,263 41,582 196 19,238 24,501 111 0.589 1976 12 .................................. 38,184 40,694 160 18,073 24,495 121 0.602 1975 13 .................................. 37,267 40,800 160 17,452 23,998 122 0.588 1974 13 14 ............................... 37,916 41,080 177 16,945 24,136 118 0.588 1973 . . . ................................ 39,581 42,573 (NA) 17,195 24,110 (NA) 0.566 1972 15 .................................. 38,184 41,258 (NA) 16,675 23,872 (NA) 0.579 1971 16 .................................. 36,819 39,181 (NA) 16,002 23,315 (NA) 0.595 1970 . . . ................................ 36,132 39,036 (NA) 15,476 23,175 (NA) 0.594 1969 . . . ................................ 37,008 38,584 (NA) 15,374 22,712 (NA) 0.589 1968 . . . ................................ 37,068 36,497 (NA) 15,013 21,225 (NA) 0.582 1967 17 .................................. 36,645 35,572 (NA) 14,846 20,555 (NA) 0.578 1966 18 .................................. (NA) 34,994 (NA) (NA) 20,141 (NA) 0.576 1965 19 .................................. (NA) 33,508 (NA) (NA) 20,079 (NA) 0.599 1964 . . . ................................ (NA) 33,087 (NA) (NA) 19,570 (NA) 0.591 1963 . . . ................................ (NA) 32,322 (NA) (NA) 19,052 (NA) 0.589 1962 20 .................................. (NA) 31,520 (NA) (NA) 18,690 (NA) 0.593 1961 21 .................................. (NA) 30,947 (NA) (NA) 18,336 (NA) 0.592 1960 . . . ................................ (NA) 29,983 (NA) (NA) 18,192 (NA) 0.607 (NA) Not available. 1 The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC. 2 Implementation of a 28,000 household sample expansion. 3 Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls. 4 Full implementation of 1990 <strong>census</strong>-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised editing of responses on race. 5 Introduction of 1990 <strong>census</strong> sample design. 6 Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interviewing. In addition, the 1994 ASEC was revised to allow for the coding of different income amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories: earnings limits increased to $999,999; social security limits increased to $49,999; supplemental security income and public assistance limits increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits limits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony limits decreased to $49,999. 7 Implementation of 1990 <strong>census</strong> population controls. 38 Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2005 U.S. Census Bureau