Common Mental Disorders Depression - New Zealand Doctor

Delirium
Delusion
Dementia
Depression
Depressive disorder
Depressive symptoms
DSM
A disturbance of consciousness, usually fluctuating,
and a change in cognition developing over a short
period of time
A firm belief or perception held in the face of evidence
to the contrary, not accounted for by cultural or religious
background
Multiple cognitive deficits that include memory impairment
and at least one of the following cognitive disturbances:
agnosia, aphasia, apraxia or a disturbance in executive
functioning
In this guideline, the term depression is used as shorthand
for a disorder meeting DSM or ICD diagnostic criteria for
major depression/major depressive episode.
These criteria refer to a cluster of depressive symptoms (see
below) that is present on most days, for most of the time,
for at least 2 weeks and which is out of the ordinary for that
individual. See relevant manual/website for details 243,306
Is used to refer to a condition meeting DSM or ICD
diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder (eg, major
depression, dysthymia, postnatal depression)
ICD-10 and DSM-IV include the following as depressive
symptoms: 243,306
• depressed mood
• loss of interest or pleasure in normal or previously
enjoyable activities
• decreased energy and increased fatigue
• sleep disturbance
• inappropriate or excessive feelings of worthlessness
or guilt
• diminished ability to think or concentrate
• appetite change with corresponding weight change
• psychomotor agitation or retardation
• suicidal ideation or recurrent thoughts of death.
The ICD-10 lists loss of confidence or self esteem as an
additional symptom 306
Commonly known as DSM, the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders lists different categories of
mental disorders and the criteria for diagnosing them
150
Identification of Common Mental Disorders and Management of Depression in Primary Care