Hydrogeology and Groundwater Quality of Highlands ... - USGS
Hydrogeology and Groundwater Quality of Highlands ... - USGS
Hydrogeology and Groundwater Quality of Highlands ... - USGS
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50 <strong>Hydrogeology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Groundwater</strong> <strong>Quality</strong> <strong>of</strong> Highl<strong>and</strong>s County, Florida<br />
27°30’<br />
27°15’<br />
27°00’<br />
HARDEE<br />
COUNTY<br />
21<br />
DESOTO<br />
COUNTY<br />
CHARLOTTE<br />
COUNTY<br />
POLK<br />
COUNTY<br />
Avon<br />
Park<br />
68<br />
54<br />
30<br />
30<br />
0.20<br />
54<br />
27<br />
63<br />
Sebring<br />
98<br />
5.3<br />
7.4<br />
76<br />
HIGHLANDS<br />
COUNTY<br />
17 45<br />
Lake<br />
Placid<br />
30<br />
69 0.20<br />
Figure 38. Generalized distribution <strong>of</strong> sulfate concentrations in water from the surficial aquifer.<br />
Concentrations <strong>of</strong> nitrate in groundwater underlying<br />
undeveloped areas generally are low, indicating that natural<br />
sources <strong>of</strong> nitrate do not contribute substantially to concentrations<br />
in groundwater. Nitrate concentrations <strong>of</strong> water samples<br />
underlying the Ocala National Forest in Lake <strong>and</strong> Marion<br />
Counties were less than 1.0 mg/L (Adamski <strong>and</strong> Knowles,<br />
2001). Water samples collected from the surficial aquifer<br />
beneath undeveloped l<strong>and</strong> at two sites in Polk <strong>and</strong> Highl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Counties had concentrations <strong>of</strong> less than 0.002 mg/L (Tihansky<br />
<strong>and</strong> Sacks, 1997). Likely sources <strong>of</strong> nitrate in these undeveloped<br />
areas are usually organic matter in soils <strong>and</strong> atmospheric deposition.<br />
In central Florida, the concentration <strong>of</strong> nitrate in rainwater<br />
generally is less than 1.0 mg/L (Adamski <strong>and</strong> German, 2004).<br />
81°30’ 81°15’<br />
81°00’<br />
Kuhlman<br />
1.8<br />
7.0 2.1<br />
0.20<br />
87<br />
39<br />
40<br />
1.9<br />
7.1<br />
17<br />
16 2.0<br />
Archbold<br />
Biological<br />
Station<br />
29<br />
51<br />
2.0 51<br />
3.9<br />
Venus<br />
Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1985<br />
Albers NAD projection 1983<br />
0<br />
0<br />
27<br />
44<br />
9.8<br />
Lorida<br />
0.23<br />
5 10MILES<br />
5 10KILOMETERS<br />
70<br />
98<br />
2.8<br />
GLADES<br />
COUNTY<br />
1.0<br />
36<br />
Brighton<br />
EXPLANATION<br />
SULFATE CONCENTRATION,<br />
IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER<br />
< 10 10 - 29<br />
30 or greater<br />
30<br />
Cornwell<br />
OSCEOLA<br />
COUNTY<br />
OKEECHOBEE<br />
COUNTY<br />
30<br />
WELL – Number indicates<br />
sulfate concentration<br />
Other nutrients <strong>of</strong> interest in the study area are<br />
orthophosphate <strong>and</strong> phosphorus. Concentrations <strong>of</strong> dissolved<br />
orthophosphate in water from the surficial aquifer in Highl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
County ranged from 0.004 to 4.5 mg/L, with a median<br />
value <strong>of</strong> 0.027 mg/L. Phosphorous concentrations ranged from<br />
0.004 to 5.2 mg/L, with a median value <strong>of</strong> 0.016 mg/L (app. 3<br />
<strong>and</strong> table 3).<br />
Orthophosphate concentrations are typically low in the<br />
surficial aquifer because phosphate-bearing minerals are generally<br />
uncommon in the surficial aquifer (at least in the upper<br />
part). In addition, because <strong>of</strong> the ability <strong>of</strong> phosphate ions to<br />
sorb onto metal oxides, especially ferric <strong>and</strong> manganese oxyhydroxides,<br />
background concentrations in water greater than a<br />
0.87<br />
0.20
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