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$Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns$

$Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns$

$Standard X-ray Diffraction$

I PROCEDURE FOR GUMl/IED FILM I Sampling • The sampling medium is a rubber base cement spread on a 13" x 13" • cellulose acetate backing and covered with glassine paper for protection. • For sampling, the glassine is removed and the film attached to a cadmiumplated steel frame having a one foot square opening. The frame is held I three feet above the ground on a stand. Each paper is exposed for twentyfour hours, the sampling being started at 1230 Greenwich Civil Time at each JB station. At the end of the sampling period fresh films are put in place on • spare frames and exchanged with the exposed films. The exposed films are stripped off and folded with the gummed sides together into a size suitable M for mailing. Most sampling stations collect duplicate samples, and the two samples plus a field data card giving the location, date of sampling, and Jl weather information are forwarded to the Health and Safety Laboratory. tit Sample Preparation An important point in processing is maintaining identification of the • sample from receipt to the reporting of the analytical results. For this purpose a six digit serial number is assigned to each sample. The first • three digits indicate the day of analysis on a counting house calendar basis, • while the last three digits indicate the number of the sample run during that day. When the sample envelope is opened, a prenumbered label is placed on • the data card and the gummed films are placed in steel cans for ashing. These ashing cans are used as crucibles and are discarded after a single use. I For convenience and speed of operation they are held in groups of ten in a m stainless steel rack and the rack number and position within the rack are the actual indication of sample number for each can, - 32 - i
I I I I I to a 1-1/4" diameter plastic counting planchet. Each planchet has been labeled f The samples are ashed at 500 to 550° C.in electrically-heated muffle furnaces which hold individual racks. The ashing process is accelerated by feeding in about one liter of oxygen per minute to each furnace and requires slightly under one hour for completion* After cooling , the ash is transferred with a gummed label which is a duplicate of the one used on the data card. This maintains the proper continuity and agreement of serial numbers. The planchets are then sealed between two layers of vinyl tape in groups of eighty. The sealing is done with a high frequency heater which makes a ring seal around M each planchet. The samples are spaced about 9" on centers and the resultant tape can be readily handled in an automatic counter. Jf Each tape contains four blanks consisting of unexposed papers run _ through the process and four counter standards. Counter background is de- "* termined from the blanks and counter efficiency and reliability is determined 9 from the standards. Counting w The samples are analyzed on automatic beta counters with Geiger tube _ detectors . A reel of eighty planchets is loaded into the counter and the first '• sample is positioned above the Geiger tube which is mounted face up. The • sample is separated from the tube face by a single thickness of vinyl tape and is held in position by a fixed stop which engages the side of the plan- • chet. The counts are registered on a four Dekatron sealer. Simultaneously, 600 pulses per minute are applied to this sealer and are recorded on a dup- •I licate parallel sealer. When 10,000 count plus time pulses are recorded on if the first sealer, the number of time pulses is punched on paper tape by a Data Transfer and Recording (DTR) system developed by the Instrumentation i - 33 -
Page 1 and 2: HASL-93 health and safety laborator
Page 3 and 4: LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepar
Page 5 and 6: I I I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors
Page 7 and 8: I For many years, gummed film sampl
Page 9 and 10: t 81 others. These data were also r
Page 11 and 12: I 1 I f I 1 I I t I I 1 These data
Page 13 and 14: 1 I f i l I l l l I l l l t i t i .
Page 15 and 16: I 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 I I I t .
Page 17 and 18: I_ to Justify a monthly summary* In
Page 19 and 20: 1 1 I I 1 1 I I 1 1 I I 1 I I 1 I C
Page 21 and 22: I * TABLE 3 I Comparison of Pot Ana
Page 23 and 24: I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I
Page 25 and 26: I total p activity relation for rou
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 7 Comparison of Pot Analyses
Page 29 and 30: I Table 9 presents comparisons or s
Page 31 and 32: I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 33 and 34: I 137 Since the dose calculation fo
Page 35 and 36: I TABLE 12 Comparison of Infinity G
Page 37: 1 1 11 1 stations having only gumme
Page 41 and 42: MONTHLY DEPOSITION DAILY DEPOSITION
Page 43 and 44: SECTION II • MONTHLY SUMMARIES FO
Page 45 and 46: 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 t 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 t
Page 47 and 48: 1 I I 1 1 1 I I i i i i i i i i i i
Page 49 and 50: 1 1 I 1 1 I I I 1 I I 1 1 I I I 1 I
Page 51 and 52: 1 r> 1 1 1 111I 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 STA
Page 53 and 54: I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 I 1 • STATION
Page 55 and 56: 1 i1I i i i i i i i March April May
Page 57 and 58: 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 61 and 62: 1 11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 July Aug
Page 63 and 64: 1 i Iii i i i i i i i i i i i i i S
Page 65 and 66: ' 1 111 1 i~k.f\ ESTIMATE OF Sr 1^
Page 67 and 68: 1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 71 and 72: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Jan. Fe
Page 73 and 74: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 77 and 78: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 81 and 82: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 83 and 84: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 85 and 86: STATION # 141 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPO
Page 87 and 88: STATION #204 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOS
Page 89 and 90:
I ESTIMATE 1 1 i I 1 1 1 f I I I 1
Page 91 and 92:
I I 1 i i i t i i i i i i i I i i S
Page 93 and 94:
I I I i i i i i i * i i i i t t i i
Page 95 and 96:
1 1 1 I 1" 1 1 9 I t 1 1 1 1 Iw t 1
Page 97 and 98:
I I 1 I 1 i I 1 1 tI i STATION # Ja
Page 99 and 100:
1 1 I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
Page 101 and 102:
1 1 I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
Page 103 and 104:
May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
Page 105 and 106:
1 111 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr^Q DEPOSITION
Page 107 and 108:
1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 t I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 109 and 110:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
Page 111 and 112:
ESTIMATE OF Sr^ DEPOSITION FROM GUM
Page 113 and 114:
1 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION FROM
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I:^5
Page 117 and 118:
I 1 I I 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I
Page 119 and 120:
1 1 1111 1 1 I 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STA
Page 121 and 122:
1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1
Page 123 and 124:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1
Page 125 and 126:
I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 127 and 128:
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 129 and 130:
I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STATION # 50
Page 137 and 138:
1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
Page 145 and 146:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STATION # Jan. Feb.
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1
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1 1111 1 STATION # 516 ESTIMATE OF
Page 153 and 154:
1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION F
Page 155 and 156:
1 1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1
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1 I I i I I 1 I 1 I I 1 I I I I I 1
Page 159 and 160:
. ESTIMATE OF 3r90 DEPOSITIONFBflfe
Page 161 and 162:
STATION # 523 ESTIMATE OF Sr^° DEP
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 I 1 I^^ 1 STATION
Page 165 and 166:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 t 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 i i
Page 167 and 168:
1 ESTIMATE 1 I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1
Page 169 and 170:
1 ESTIMATE OF Sryu DEPOSITION FROM
Page 171 and 172:
1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 t
Page 173 and 174:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1«^
Page 175 and 176:
1 ESTIMATE 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I
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1 1111111II11 1 11I 1 1 Jan. Feb. M
Page 179 and 180:
1 ESTIMATE 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1
Page 181 and 182:
1 11 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1
Page 183 and 184:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
Page 185 and 186:
1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 M
Page 187 and 188:
1 iiiiiiIi i i i i i i i i i Jan. F
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 193 and 194:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 195 and 196:
1 1111111111 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOS
Page 197 and 198:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 199 and 200:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr9
Page 201 and 202:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 203 and 204:
1 111111111111111 1 1 Nov. Dec. TOT
Page 205 and 206:
1 11111111111 1 111 1 1 Jan. Feb. M
Page 207 and 208:
1 111 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ja
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 STATION I Jail. Feb. Maro
Page 215 and 216:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 I• 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
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I I I I 1 1 I I 1 a STATION # 722 J
Page 219 and 220:
I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 1 I t I
Page 221 and 222:
I I t I 1 1 I I 1 i I i I i i i i i
Page 223 and 224:
I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1
Page 225 and 226:
I 1 1i i i t i ii i STATION # Jan,
Page 227 and 228:
1 I 1 i i i i i i i i i i t i i t t
Page 229 and 230:
I 1 1 STATION Jan, Feb. ESTIMATE OP
Page 231 and 232:
1 1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr^ DEPOSITION
Page 233 and 234:
1 11 1 STB^TE'l aFSr90 DEPOSITIONJf
Page 235 and 236:
I 1 1 1 I I 1 I 1 I I 1 1 I 1 1 I I
Page 237 and 238:
STATION # 7T2 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPO
Page 239 and 240:
i 1 1 1 1 I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I
Page 241 and 242:
' I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 I I I I
Page 243 and 244:
I 1 111111f1I STATION # 801 FOTIMAT
Page 245 and 246:
I 1I111I11111 1 1 1 1 1 1 Jan. Feb.
Page 247 and 248:
1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1I 1 STATION # Jan,
Page 249 and 250:
1 11I11I1I111I1I111 STATION # 805 E
Page 251 and 252:
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
Page 253 and 254:
O • * • • • * » H H N) VO
Page 255 and 256:
i i iii i i i i i i i STATION # Jan
Page 257 and 258:
f*\ C*» CJ* CM vO CM H H O H H CM
Page 259 and 260:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 , ESTIMATE STA
Page 261 and 262:
Jan, Feb. March April May June July
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 271 and 272:
ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION FROM GU
Page 273 and 274:
1 111111 1 s. ESTIMATE OF (Sr^0 DEP
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
1 1 111111 I 1 1 I 1 I1 1 1 1 STATI
Page 279 and 280:
I I I II ESTIMATE OF Sr DEPOSITION
Page 281 and 282:
1 1 I11111I11 1 ESTIMATE OF pr*^ DE
Page 283 and 284:
I 1 1 I 1 I 1 I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I
Page 285 and 286:
I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 287 and 288:
I 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 i i i i i i i i t i
Page 289 and 290:
I 1 I I I III 1 I 1 1 I I I I I I E
Page 291 and 292:
I 1 1 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I
Page 293 and 294:
I I 1 1 I I 1 I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I
Page 295 and 296:
I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I I
Page 297 and 298:
I I I 1 1 I i i i i i i i i i i i i
Page 299 and 300:
1 1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION
Page 301 and 302:
1 1 1I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 303 and 304:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
Page 305 and 306:
I 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
I I 1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I
Page 311 and 312:
1 ESTIMATE 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 STATION # Jan. Feb
Page 325 and 326:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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