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$Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns$

$Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns$

$Standard X-ray Diffraction$

I 1 I 1 I CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii SECTION I INTRODUCTION 1 Historical 1 The Computation Model 5 Defects of System 7 9 EXPERIMENTAL DATA 10 I Comparison of Duplicate Stations 11 Evaluation of Strontium 90 Data 14 Evaluation of Infinity Gamma Dose Data 23 I SUMMARY 30 PROCEDURE FOR GUMMED FILM 32 m Sampling 32 Sample Preparation 32 Counting 33 Data Handling 34 I ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY 36 1 SECTION II I MONTHLY SUMMARIES FOR INDIVIDUAL STATIONS 37 I 1 1 t I - IV -
I For many years, gummed film sampling comprised the only widespread m network for measuring fallout. This technique fulfilled its original pur- , poses of delineating the geographic distribution, of fallout and indicating i I I the time of arrival of radioactive material. While the test pattern remained simple and included only fission devices, it was also possible to on estimate individual long-lived nuclides such as Sr© and to estimate the .fallout infinity gamma dose. More complex test patterns and delayed fallout from thermonuclear on devices made the Sr© and gamma dose estimates very difficult. Despite the complexities, considerable effort has been devoted to testing various math ematical models to allow computation of these two parameters arid thus to I t i t i I^ extract the utmost from the available data. This report describes the model adopted and gives the results of these computations in some detail. In ad ^ had reported activity of unloiovm origin in paperboard in 1945* The Health and Safety Laboratory was subsequently given the responsibility of deter mining the relative fallout at distances beyond 200 miles from the Nevada test site. Later this responsibility was modified to delineating world-wide fallout from the megaton weapons fired in the Pacific and elsewhere. - 1 - i l f I dition, comparisons have been made with more direct measurements of fallout where these are available. QQ The data indicate that useful information on Sr© obtained by the gummed film technique. confirmed, but are the best available for any network. Historical deposition has .been The gamma dose estimates cannot be The first detection of radioactive fallout away from the site of the explosion was in Rochester,, New Tori, in i?ebruary of 1951., although Webb ^ ©
Page 1 and 2: HASL-93 health and safety laborator
Page 3 and 4: LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepar
Page 5: I I I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors
Page 9 and 10: t 81 others. These data were also r
Page 11 and 12: I 1 I f I 1 I I t I I 1 These data
Page 13 and 14: 1 I f i l I l l l I l l l t i t i .
Page 15 and 16: I 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 I I I t .
Page 17 and 18: I_ to Justify a monthly summary* In
Page 19 and 20: 1 1 I I 1 1 I I 1 1 I I 1 I I 1 I C
Page 21 and 22: I * TABLE 3 I Comparison of Pot Ana
Page 23 and 24: I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I
Page 25 and 26: I total p activity relation for rou
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 7 Comparison of Pot Analyses
Page 29 and 30: I Table 9 presents comparisons or s
Page 31 and 32: I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 33 and 34: I 137 Since the dose calculation fo
Page 35 and 36: I TABLE 12 Comparison of Infinity G
Page 37 and 38: 1 1 11 1 stations having only gumme
Page 39 and 40: I I I I I to a 1-1/4" diameter plas
Page 41 and 42: MONTHLY DEPOSITION DAILY DEPOSITION
Page 43 and 44: SECTION II • MONTHLY SUMMARIES FO
Page 45 and 46: 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 t 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 t
Page 47 and 48: 1 I I 1 1 1 I I i i i i i i i i i i
Page 49 and 50: 1 1 I 1 1 I I I 1 I I 1 1 I I I 1 I
Page 51 and 52: 1 r> 1 1 1 111I 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 STA
Page 53 and 54: I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 I 1 • STATION
Page 55 and 56: 1 i1I i i i i i i i March April May
Page 57 and 58:
1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 59 and 60:
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 61 and 62:
1 11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 July Aug
Page 63 and 64:
1 i Iii i i i i i i i i i i i i i S
Page 65 and 66:
' 1 111 1 i~k.f\ ESTIMATE OF Sr 1^
Page 67 and 68:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Page 71 and 72:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Jan. Fe
Page 73 and 74:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 75 and 76:
1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 81 and 82:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 83 and 84:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 85 and 86:
STATION # 141 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPO
Page 87 and 88:
STATION #204 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOS
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I ESTIMATE 1 1 i I 1 1 1 f I I I 1
Page 91 and 92:
I I 1 i i i t i i i i i i i I i i S
Page 93 and 94:
I I I i i i i i i * i i i i t t i i
Page 95 and 96:
1 1 1 I 1" 1 1 9 I t 1 1 1 1 Iw t 1
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I I 1 I 1 i I 1 1 tI i STATION # Ja
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1 1 I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
Page 101 and 102:
1 1 I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
Page 103 and 104:
May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
Page 105 and 106:
1 111 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr^Q DEPOSITION
Page 107 and 108:
1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 t I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Page 109 and 110:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
Page 111 and 112:
ESTIMATE OF Sr^ DEPOSITION FROM GUM
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1 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION FROM
Page 115 and 116:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I:^5
Page 117 and 118:
I 1 I I 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I
Page 119 and 120:
1 1 1111 1 1 I 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STA
Page 121 and 122:
1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1
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I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Page 129 and 130:
I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Page 133 and 134:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STATION # 50
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1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 STATION # Jan. Feb.
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1
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1 1111 1 STATION # 516 ESTIMATE OF
Page 153 and 154:
1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION F
Page 155 and 156:
1 1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1
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1 I I i I I 1 I 1 I I 1 I I I I I 1
Page 159 and 160:
. ESTIMATE OF 3r90 DEPOSITIONFBflfe
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STATION # 523 ESTIMATE OF Sr^° DEP
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 I 1 I^^ 1 STATION
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 t 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 i i
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1 ESTIMATE 1 I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1
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1 ESTIMATE OF Sryu DEPOSITION FROM
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1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 t
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1«^
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1 ESTIMATE 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I
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1 1111111II11 1 11I 1 1 Jan. Feb. M
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1 ESTIMATE 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1
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1 11 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
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1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 M
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1 iiiiiiIi i i i i i i i i i Jan. F
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1111111111 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOS
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr9
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 111111111111111 1 1 Nov. Dec. TOT
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1 11111111111 1 111 1 1 Jan. Feb. M
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1 111 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ja
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 STATION I Jail. Feb. Maro
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 I• 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
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I I I I 1 1 I I 1 a STATION # 722 J
Page 219 and 220:
I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 1 I t I
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I I t I 1 1 I I 1 i I i I i i i i i
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I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1
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I 1 1i i i t i ii i STATION # Jan,
Page 227 and 228:
1 I 1 i i i i i i i i i i t i i t t
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I 1 1 STATION Jan, Feb. ESTIMATE OP
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1 1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr^ DEPOSITION
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1 11 1 STB^TE'l aFSr90 DEPOSITIONJf
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I 1 1 1 I I 1 I 1 I I 1 1 I 1 1 I I
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STATION # 7T2 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPO
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i 1 1 1 1 I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I
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' I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 I I I I
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I 1 111111f1I STATION # 801 FOTIMAT
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I 1I111I11111 1 1 1 1 1 1 Jan. Feb.
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1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1I 1 STATION # Jan,
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1 11I11I1I111I1I111 STATION # 805 E
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i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
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O • * • • • * » H H N) VO
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i i iii i i i i i i i STATION # Jan
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f*\ C*» CJ* CM vO CM H H O H H CM
Page 259 and 260:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 , ESTIMATE STA
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Jan, Feb. March April May June July
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Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION FROM GU
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1 111111 1 s. ESTIMATE OF (Sr^0 DEP
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Page 277 and 278:
1 1 111111 I 1 1 I 1 I1 1 1 1 STATI
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I I I II ESTIMATE OF Sr DEPOSITION
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1 1 I11111I11 1 ESTIMATE OF pr*^ DE
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I 1 1 I 1 I 1 I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I
Page 285 and 286:
I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 287 and 288:
I 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 i i i i i i i i t i
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I 1 I I I III 1 I 1 1 I I I I I I E
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I 1 1 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I
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I I 1 1 I I 1 I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I
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I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I I
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I I I 1 1 I i i i i i i i i i i i i
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1 1 1 1 ESTIMATE OF Sr90 DEPOSITION
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1 1 1I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
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I 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
I I 1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I
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1 ESTIMATE 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
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Page 317 and 318:
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1 ESTIMATE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 STATION # Jan. Feb
Page 325 and 326:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Page 329 and 330:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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